本文關(guān)鍵詞：井底恒壓法控壓鉆井氣侵控制研究　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 控壓鉆井 井底恒壓 氣侵 井控 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析

【摘要】：鉆遇氣侵時(shí),井底恒壓法控壓鉆井能及時(shí)檢測(cè)到氣侵,并可通過增加井口回壓或者增大排量等方式快速有效地控制微-中量的氣侵,相比于常規(guī)井控增加了氣侵控制方式的選擇,關(guān)井不再是氣侵后的唯一控制措施。盡管井底恒壓法控壓鉆井通過井口裝置能快速有效的控制一定量的氣侵,但是由于增加了控制設(shè)備,相應(yīng)地也增加了安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn),導(dǎo)致井控決策難度增大。國內(nèi)雖然已經(jīng)開始應(yīng)用控壓鉆井技術(shù)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)備國產(chǎn)化,但是在控壓鉆井井控方面的理論研究仍然較少,相關(guān)研究力度也不夠,因此有必要對(duì)井底恒壓式控壓鉆井氣侵規(guī)律與控制進(jìn)行深入研究。本文以井底恒壓法控壓鉆井工藝?yán)碚摓榛A(chǔ),結(jié)合滲流力學(xué)、單相流、氣液兩相流基本理論,建立了氣侵后的環(huán)空多相流動(dòng)模型,系統(tǒng)分析了不同參數(shù)對(duì)溢流后井底壓力的影響規(guī)律和不同溢流階段和采取溢流控制措施時(shí)的井底壓力變化規(guī)律;最后,結(jié)合實(shí)際算例,系統(tǒng)分析了井底恒壓法控壓鉆井從其氣侵發(fā)生到氣體完全排出整個(gè)控制過程中的井底壓力等參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律和動(dòng)態(tài)井控的井筒安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。模擬結(jié)果表明:氣侵檢測(cè)階段通過精確的流量監(jiān)測(cè)不僅能及時(shí)檢測(cè)到氣侵,還能在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)比較準(zhǔn)確地檢測(cè)到氣侵速率、氣侵量等信息;采用快速增加井口回壓控制氣侵時(shí),井底壓力和套管鞋處壓力也隨之快速增大,而井口鉆井液流量則不斷減小,當(dāng)井底-地層壓力平衡時(shí)出口鉆井液流量接近于循環(huán)排量;采用增大排量控制氣侵時(shí),當(dāng)鉆井液密度較低時(shí),即便動(dòng)切力和粘度都很大時(shí),采用提高排量的控制效果依然有限;采用常規(guī)關(guān)井時(shí),由于停泵會(huì)引起井底壓力突然降低,采用MPD裝置輔助關(guān)井可以避免停泵造成井底壓力進(jìn)一步下降;循環(huán)排氣階段井口回壓仍會(huì)上升,且當(dāng)氣體移動(dòng)到井口附近位置時(shí)井口回壓增速較快;通過提高循環(huán)排量可以降低井口回壓;循環(huán)階段初期,井口氣體流量和鉆井液流量增長緩慢,氣體移動(dòng)到井口附近時(shí),井口鉆井液流量和氣體流量先后出現(xiàn)峰值;提高循環(huán)排量時(shí)井口氣體流量和鉆井液流量會(huì)相應(yīng)的增大,因此在提高循環(huán)排量時(shí)要考慮是否超過氣液分離器處理能力。本文較為全面的研究了井底恒壓法控壓鉆井氣侵控制問題,對(duì)于豐富控壓鉆井井控理論有一定的實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:When drilling for gas invasion, the bottom hole constant pressure control drilling can detect the gas invasion in time, and can quickly and effectively control the micro-medium gas invasion by increasing the back pressure of the well head or increasing the displacement. Compared with conventional well control, shut-in is no longer the only control measure after gas invasion, even though bottom-hole constant pressure controlled drilling can control a certain amount of gas invasion quickly and effectively through wellhead device. However, because of the increase of control equipment and the corresponding increase of safety risk, it is more difficult to make well control decision. Although the technology of controlled pressure drilling has been applied in our country and the equipment has been made locally. However, the theoretical research on well control of controlled pressure drilling is still few, and the relevant research is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to study the gas invasion law and control of bottom hole constant pressure controlled pressure drilling. This paper is based on the bottom hole constant pressure controlled pressure drilling technology theory, combined with seepage mechanics, single-phase flow, gas-liquid two-phase flow basic theory. The multiphase flow model of annulus after gas invasion is established. The influence of different parameters on bottom hole pressure after overflow and the variation law of bottom hole pressure in different overflow stages and overflow control measures are systematically analyzed. Finally, a practical example is given. The variation law of bottom hole pressure and the wellbore safety risk in dynamic well control are systematically analyzed from the occurrence of gas invasion to the complete discharge of gas during the process of bottom hole constant pressure controlled drilling. The simulation results show that:. The gas invasion can not only be detected in time through accurate flow monitoring in the gas invasion detection stage. The gas invasion rate and gas flux can be detected accurately in a period of time. The bottom hole pressure and casing shoe pressure also increase rapidly, while the wellhead drilling fluid flow rate decreases continuously when adopting rapid increase of wellhead back pressure to control gas invasion. When the bottom hole and formation pressure are balanced, the flow rate of the outlet drilling fluid is close to the circulating displacement. When increasing displacement is used to control gas invasion, when the density of drilling fluid is low, even when the dynamic shear force and viscosity are very large, the control effect of increasing displacement is still limited. When the conventional shutoff is adopted, the downhole pressure will be reduced suddenly because the pump shutoff will cause the downhole pressure to be reduced suddenly. The MPD device can be used to assist the shutoff well to avoid the further drop of the downhole pressure caused by the pump shutdown. At the stage of circulating exhaust, the wellhead backpressure will still rise, and when the gas moves to the position near the wellhead, the increase of wellhead backpressure will be faster. The well head pressure can be reduced by increasing the circulation discharge. At the beginning of the circulation stage, the gas flow rate and the drilling fluid flow rate increase slowly. When the gas moves to the well head, the drilling fluid flow rate and the gas flow rate of the well head appear the peak value one after another. When the circulation discharge is increased, the wellhead gas flow and drilling fluid flow will increase accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to consider whether to exceed the treatment capacity of gas-liquid separator when increasing circulation displacement. This paper comprehensively studies the gas invasion control problem of bottom-hole constant pressure controlled drilling. It has certain practical significance for enriching well control theory of controlled pressure drilling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE242

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