本文關(guān)鍵詞：牽引梁激光復(fù)合焊焊接變形數(shù)值模擬　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 牽引梁 數(shù)值模擬 固有應(yīng)變法 焊接變形

【摘要】：地鐵作為一種隨著城市發(fā)展而興起的公共軌道交通方式,正在受到越來越多城市的歡迎。牽引梁是地鐵車輛底架的重要部分,主要通過大量的焊接加工而成。然而,焊接變形始終伴隨著焊接過程出現(xiàn),會(huì)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的裝配、壽命和安全性帶來影響,因此需要對(duì)焊接變形進(jìn)行控制。本文以地鐵車輛底架的牽引梁作為研究對(duì)象,使用SYSWELD軟件對(duì)牽引梁在不同焊接順序和焊接約束下的焊接變形進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,以選出變形更小的焊接工藝方案。本文的主要內(nèi)容:首先,敘述了本文的選題背景和意義,從設(shè)計(jì)措施和工藝措施兩個(gè)方面簡述了變形控制的方法,再綜述了焊接模擬和激光-MIG復(fù)合焊數(shù)值模擬的國內(nèi)國外的研究現(xiàn)狀。其次,對(duì)焊接數(shù)值模擬的常用理論、熱源類型和軟件進(jìn)行簡單的介紹。再次,對(duì)牽引梁的焊縫進(jìn)行分類。根據(jù)實(shí)際的焊接工藝,基于熱彈塑性法對(duì)不同焊接接頭進(jìn)行熱源校核,使之與實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的焊縫截面基本一致,再提取各接頭的固有應(yīng)變。然后,將提取得到的固有應(yīng)變值通過等效溫度法施加到牽引梁中進(jìn)行計(jì)算,并將計(jì)算得到的變形與實(shí)際測量變形進(jìn)行比較。最后,本文選擇了3種不同的焊接約束和3種不同的焊接順序工藝對(duì)牽引梁焊接變形進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。研究結(jié)果表明:使用3D高斯+雙橢球熱源模型模擬激光-MIG復(fù)合焊,模擬焊縫截面與實(shí)驗(yàn)所得截面非常接近,驗(yàn)證了熱源模型選擇的正確性;同樣的焊接工藝條件下,模擬變形結(jié)果與實(shí)際測量的變形結(jié)果非常接近,兩者相對(duì)誤差為8.23%,證明了使用固有應(yīng)變法預(yù)估焊接變形的可行性;不同的焊接約束和順序?qū)附幼冃未嬖谟绊?牽引梁焊后發(fā)生了不同程序的角變形、收縮變形和撓曲變形;牽引梁在按照文中所述改變焊接約束時(shí)角變形最多減小了 76.95%,在改變焊接順序時(shí)收縮變形最多減小了8.00%。
[Abstract]:As a kind of public rail transit mode rising with the development of the city, subway is being welcomed by more and more cities. The traction beam is an important part of the subway vehicle underframe. However, welding deformation is always accompanied by welding process, which will have an impact on product assembly, life and safety. Therefore, it is necessary to control the welding deformation. This paper takes the traction beam of subway vehicle underframe as the research object. The SYSWELD software is used to simulate the welding deformation of the traction beam under different welding sequences and constraints in order to select the welding process with smaller deformation. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly. The background and significance of this paper are described, and the methods of deformation control are briefly described from two aspects: design measures and technological measures. Then the domestic and foreign research status of welding simulation and laser-MIG hybrid welding numerical simulation is summarized. Secondly, the common theory of welding numerical simulation, heat source type and software are briefly introduced. Thirdly. According to the actual welding technology, the heat source of different welded joints is checked based on thermoelastic-plastic method, which is basically consistent with the weld section obtained by experiments. Then the natural strain of each joint is extracted. Then, the extracted natural strain value is applied to the traction beam by equivalent temperature method, and the calculated deformation is compared with the actual measured deformation. In this paper, three different welding constraints and three different welding sequence processes are selected to optimize the welding deformation of the traction beam. The results show that 3D Gao Si is used to optimize the welding deformation of the traction beam. The double-ellipsoid heat source model is used to simulate the laser-MIG hybrid welding. The simulated weld section is very close to the experimental cross section, which verifies the correctness of the heat source model selection. Under the same welding process conditions, the simulated deformation results are very close to the actual measured deformation results, and the relative error between them is 8.23, which proves the feasibility of using inherent strain method to predict welding deformation. Different welding constraints and order have influence on welding deformation. After welding, different programs of angular deformation, shrinkage deformation and flexural deformation occur in the traction beam. The angular deformation of the traction beam decreases by 76.95 when the welding constraint is changed according to the paper, and the shrinkage deformation decreases by 8.00 when the welding sequence is changed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U270.6;TG404

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