本文關(guān)鍵詞：酵母拮抗菌形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)逆境耐受性和生防效力的影響研究　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生物防治 酵母菌 形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變 生物膜 抗逆性

【摘要】：近年來,利用生物拮抗菌防治植物病害已被證明是替代化學(xué)殺菌劑的安全有效措施之一。采用自然存在于果蔬表面的酵母菌作為拮抗菌是控制果蔬采后病害的新方法之一。而對(duì)酵母拮抗菌生物學(xué)特性的研究是了解其生物防治機(jī)理的前提。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)特定的酵母菌達(dá)到一定種群密度時(shí),其在特定的介質(zhì)表面上會(huì)產(chǎn)生群體效應(yīng)由單細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯锬ば螒B(tài)(由胞外多聚物基質(zhì)包圍形成的結(jié)構(gòu)群落)。本課題以兩種能夠發(fā)生形態(tài)變化的生防酵母拮抗菌Pichia kudriavzevii和Pichia cecembensis為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,研究了生防酵母菌形態(tài)變化對(duì)其抗逆性、胞內(nèi)抗氧化酶活性、逆境下細(xì)胞損傷程度、種群繁殖速度及生防效力的影響。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)生防酵母菌P.kudriavzevii和P.cecembensis在由單細(xì)胞形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯锬ば螒B(tài)后其抗逆性增強(qiáng),在逆境條件下存活率更高;(2)生防酵母菌P.kudriavzevii和P.cecembensis在生物膜形態(tài)下細(xì)胞內(nèi)抗氧化酶Catalase、Super Oxide Dismutase和Glutathione peroxidase的活性更高,在經(jīng)過逆境處理后細(xì)胞內(nèi)Malondialdehyde和Carbonyl積累量顯著低于單細(xì)胞形態(tài);(3)生物膜形態(tài)的生防酵母菌P.kudriavzevii相比于其自身單細(xì)胞形態(tài)在梨果實(shí)傷口處具有更快的生長(zhǎng)繁殖速度;而生物膜形態(tài)的生防酵母菌P.cecembensis在蘋果果實(shí)傷口處具有更快的生長(zhǎng)繁殖速度;(4)生防酵母菌P.kudriavzevii在生物膜形態(tài)時(shí)相比于其自身單細(xì)胞形態(tài)對(duì)梨果實(shí)灰霉病和炭疽病的防治效果更佳;而生物膜形態(tài)的酵母菌P.cecembensis則對(duì)蘋果果實(shí)青霉病防治效果更佳。上述研究結(jié)果表明,酵母菌P.kudriavzevii和P.cecembensis在發(fā)生形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變后其生防效力增強(qiáng),對(duì)特定水果采后病害具有更好的防治效果。這可能是由于酵母菌在生物膜形態(tài)時(shí)胞內(nèi)抗氧化酶活性更高,逆境條件下細(xì)胞損傷更小、存活率更高,能夠更好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境,在果實(shí)表皮傷口的微觀不利環(huán)境下快速繁殖,先一步占領(lǐng)生存空間、消耗營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),從而抑制了病原菌的生長(zhǎng),達(dá)到了更好的防治效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years. The control of plant diseases by biological antagonistic bacteria has been proved to be one of the safe and effective measures to substitute chemical fungicides. It is a new method to control postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by using yeast which naturally exists on the surface of fruits and vegetables as antagonistic bacteria. The study of biological characteristics of yeast antagonistic bacteria is the premise of understanding its biological control mechanism. When a specific yeast reaches a certain population density. It produces a population effect on the surface of a particular medium from a single cell to a biofilm shape (a structural community surrounded by an extracellular polymer matrix). In this study, two biocontrol yeast antagonists, Pichia kudriavzevii and Pichia cecembensis, were used as experimental materials. The effects of morphological changes of biological control yeast on its resistance to stress, intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity and the degree of cell damage under stress were studied. Effects of population Reproduction rate and Biocontrol effectiveness. The resistance of P. kudriavzevii and P.cecembensis to biofilm was enhanced after the transformation from single cell morphology to biofilm morphology. The survival rate was higher under adverse conditions. (2) the biocontrol yeast P.kudriavzevii and P.cecembensis had an antioxidant enzyme Catalase in the biofilm. The activities of Super Oxide Dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase were higher. The accumulation of Malondialdehyde and Carbonyl was significantly lower than that of single cell after stress treatment. (3) the biofilm form of P. kudriavzevii has a faster growth and reproduction rate than its own single cell morphology in the cut of pear fruit, and the growth rate of P. kudriavzevii is higher than that of P. kudriavzevii. The biocontrol yeast P.cecembensis in the form of biofilm had a faster growth and reproduction rate in the apple fruit wound. (4) the biocontrol effect of P. kudriavzevii was better than that of its own single cell morphology in the control of grey mold and anthracnose of pear fruit. But the biofilm-like yeast P.cecembensis had better control effect on apple fruit penicillium. The biocontrol effect of P. kudriavzevii and P.cecembensis increased after morphological transformation. This may be due to the higher activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in the biofilm morphology, the less cell damage and the higher survival rate under stress. It can better adapt to the environment, rapidly propagate in the microcosmic unfavorable environment of fruit epidermis wound, occupy the living space first, consume nutrients, thus inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and achieve better control effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TS255.3;TQ926

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