本文關(guān)鍵詞：氨基聚膦腈微球的合成、功能化及應(yīng)用　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 聚膦腈 聚乙烯亞胺 微球 中空 染料 選擇性吸附 催化 電化學(xué)

【摘要】：聚合物納米材料不僅結(jié)構(gòu)豐富,而且具有獨(dú)特的性能,可通過(guò)功能化修飾來(lái)制備具有特殊功能的聚合物復(fù)合納米材料,又可作為碳前驅(qū)體來(lái)制備碳納米材料。基于這些獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能,功能聚合物納米材料在環(huán)境、催化、生物、醫(yī)藥、能源等諸多方面都有著廣泛的應(yīng)用研究,因而對(duì)聚合物納米材料的制備及其應(yīng)用進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義,這也是當(dāng)前科研人員研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。本文制備了一種富含氨基的聚膦腈微球,并通過(guò)其負(fù)載貴金屬納米微粒和高溫碳化制備了兩種衍生的納米材料,分別研究了所構(gòu)建納米材料在染料吸附、催化和電化學(xué)方面的應(yīng)用。主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)利用沉淀聚合法,在超聲條件下,以六氯環(huán)三磷腈(HCCP)和低分子量支化聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)作為共聚單體,三乙胺(TEA)作為縛酸劑,乙腈作為溶劑,成功合成出了富含氨基的實(shí)心聚膦腈微球。并且又利用丙酮處理60min,便可得到中空氨基聚膦腈微球,并通過(guò)不同的測(cè)試方法(SEM、TEM、FITR、BET和Zeta電位等)對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征。(2)以中空氨基聚膦腈微球?yàn)槲絼?通過(guò)吸附法處理水溶液中攜帶不同電荷的署紅Y、酸性鉻蘭K、甲基橙、署紅B、孔雀石綠、臧紅T、中性紅、羅丹明B和亞甲基藍(lán)染料。發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)陰離子染料署紅Y、酸性鉻蘭K和甲基橙的吸附容量都在1000 mg/g以上。系統(tǒng)、深入地探索了影響陰離子染料署紅Y、酸性鉻蘭K和甲基橙吸附的相關(guān)因素(溶液pH、溫度、濃度等),使用吸附模型研究了吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)和熱力學(xué),并且探索和研究了其高效吸附的機(jī)理。(3)以合成的富含大量氨基的實(shí)心聚膦腈微球?yàn)榇呋瘎┹d體,在其表面負(fù)載單金屬納米粒子Au、Ag和雙金屬納米粒子Au-Ag后,制備出負(fù)載貴金屬納米粒子的復(fù)合微球,并研究了其催化還原對(duì)硝基苯酚的性能。研究結(jié)果表明粒徑均一的貴金屬納米粒子可以在微球載體表面均勻分散,載體中含氮官能團(tuán)的存在可導(dǎo)致載體與金屬離子之間有較強(qiáng)的絡(luò)合作用。催化性能研究結(jié)果表明,負(fù)載雙金屬相比于負(fù)載單金屬其催化性能明顯提高,歸結(jié)于金和銀的協(xié)同效應(yīng)。(4)以不同單體比例制備的實(shí)心氨基聚膦腈微球?yàn)榍膀?qū)體,通過(guò)控制不同的碳化工藝,得到不同氮含量摻雜的碳球,當(dāng)碳微球作為超級(jí)電容器負(fù)極材料時(shí),對(duì)其做了一些必要的電化學(xué)測(cè)試。發(fā)現(xiàn)在750℃碳化溫度下,其在1 A/g的電流密度下比電容可達(dá)到348 F/g,在20 A/g的電流密度下比電容仍可達(dá)到200F/g,電容保持率在57.5%。并且在20 A/g的電流密度下進(jìn)行10000次充放電后,比電容仍保持在96.7%,表現(xiàn)出較好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Polymer nanomaterials are not only rich in structure but also have unique properties. Polymer nanocomposites with special functions can be prepared by functionalized modification. Based on these unique structures and properties, functional polymer nanomaterials have been widely used in environment, catalysis, biology, medicine, energy and so on. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the preparation and application of polymer nanomaterials, which is one of the hotspots of current researchers. In this paper, a polyphosphonitrile microsphere rich in amino groups has been prepared. Two kinds of derivative nanomaterials were prepared by loaded noble metal nanoparticles and carbonized at high temperature, and the adsorption of the constructed nanomaterials on dyes was studied respectively. Applications in catalysis and electrochemistry. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) using precipitation polymerization under ultrasonic conditions. Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and low molecular weight branched polyimide (PEI) were used as comonomer, triethylamine (tea) as acid binding agent and acetonitrile as solvent. Solid polyphosphonitrile microspheres rich in amino groups were successfully synthesized and then treated with acetone for 60 min to obtain hollow amino polyphosphonitrile microspheres. Its structure was characterized by FITR BET and Zeta potential. (2) the hollow aminopolyphosphonitrile microspheres were used as adsorbent to treat the red Y with different charge in aqueous solution by adsorption method. Acid chrome blue K, methyl orange, red red B, malachite green, Zang Hong T, neutral red, Rhodamine B and methylene blue dyestuff. The adsorption capacities of acid chrome blue K and methyl orange were all over 1 000 mg/g. The factors affecting the adsorption of anionic dye red Y, acid chrome blue K and methyl orange (pH solution) were systematically explored. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were studied by using the adsorption model. The mechanism of its high efficiency adsorption was explored and studied. The solid polyphosphonitrile microspheres containing a large amount of amino acids were used as the catalyst carrier and the monometallic nanoparticles au were loaded on its surface. After Ag and bimetallic nanoparticles Au-Ag, composite microspheres loaded with noble metal nanoparticles were prepared. The catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol was studied. The results showed that the noble metal nanoparticles with uniform particle size could be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the microspheres. The existence of nitrogen-containing functional groups in the support can lead to a strong complexation between the carrier and metal ions. The results of catalytic performance study show that the catalytic performance of the supported bimetallic is significantly higher than that of the supported monometallic. Due to the synergistic effect of gold and silver, the carbon spheres doped with different nitrogen content were obtained by controlling different carbonization processes using solid polyphosphonitrile microspheres prepared with different monomer ratios as precursors. When carbon microspheres were used as anode materials for supercapacitors, some necessary electrochemical tests were carried out. It was found that the carbon microspheres were carbonized at 750 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1389975