發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 07:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：長江口顆粒態(tài)金屬元素分布特征及其影響因素的探究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 長江口 顆粒態(tài)金屬 河口分布 賦存形態(tài) 河口最大渾濁帶 稀土

【摘要】：為了探究不同水情條件下顆粒態(tài)金屬元素的河口地球化學(xué)行為。在長江口洪季(2013年7月)與枯季(2014年1月)共采集34個(gè)站位(洪季16個(gè),枯季18個(gè))的表層水樣,測定了洪枯季懸浮物中金屬含量(包括Al、Fe、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和稀土元素)以及金屬可提取態(tài)組分含量。分析了洪枯季長江口顆粒態(tài)金屬總量及其非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)組分的平面分布特征,結(jié)合長江口鹽度場、SPM場等不同參數(shù),探討長江口顆粒態(tài)金屬元素自淡水端元到口外海域的變化特征以及不同因子對其含量分布的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)無論洪枯季,長江口顆粒態(tài)金屬含量均呈現(xiàn)帶狀分布。自口內(nèi)向外,含量逐漸降低。其中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等金屬元素分帶性相對顯著�？谕馑蝾w粒態(tài)金屬含量分布也呈明顯的帶狀特征,大部分金屬含量為南部高、北部低。(2)長江口懸浮物中Cr、Co、Ni三種元素以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)為主存在,其中Cr、Ni非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量占其總量比例不及20%,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)組分占據(jù)絕對主導(dǎo)。Cu、Zn非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量占比達(dá)30%～40%。Pb、Cd的非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量占總量比例在55%～65%�？梢娊饘貱u、Pb、Zn、Cd在長江口受人類活動(dòng)輸入影響相對顯著。(3)長江口不同區(qū)域,顆粒態(tài)金屬分布控制因素有所不同�？趦�(nèi)低鹽度區(qū),顆粒態(tài)金屬含量受SPM濃度影響大,洪季SPM濃度大于枯季,稀釋效應(yīng)相對較強(qiáng)。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等金屬含量枯季高于洪季,且?guī)追N金屬的非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)組分占比也表現(xiàn)為枯季高、洪季低的特征,其中非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)Pb的比例洪枯季分別為51.3%和66.5%,非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)Cd的比例洪枯季分別為77.2%和84.9%�？梢婇L江流域向河口的人類活動(dòng)金屬輸入存在顯著的洪枯季差異�？菁�,流域水沙減少,人類活動(dòng)金屬輸入影響相對較大�？陂T高濁度區(qū),Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等金屬含量洪枯季差異小,且?guī)追N金屬的非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)組分占比洪枯季差異不顯著�？陂T高濁度區(qū)SPM濃度較口內(nèi)低鹽度區(qū)增加了 5～10倍,高濁度區(qū)大部分金屬含量較低鹽度區(qū)顯著減少,其中Cu含量降幅洪枯季分別為13%和27%;Pb含量降幅洪枯季分別為16%和21%;Cd含量降幅洪枯季分別為57%和73%。流域輸入金屬經(jīng)過口門高濁度區(qū),在大量再懸浮泥沙的稀釋下,金屬總量及其形態(tài)的洪枯季差異減小�？梢娍陂T高濁度區(qū)對入海物質(zhì)有一定的調(diào)制作用�？谕飧啕}度區(qū),隨著徑流作用的減弱,顆粒物逐漸沉降,Cu、Zn、Cd等金屬平均含量繼續(xù)降低。顆粒態(tài)金屬含量分布主要受粒度影響,尤其是細(xì)顆粒物組分�？谕饽喜克�,顆粒態(tài)金屬含量及其非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)組分含量顯著高于高濁度區(qū)。從已有的長江口底質(zhì)沉積物金屬分布來看,口外南部水域沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等金屬含量較高;再加上長江口三角洲如今以侵蝕為主的沉積環(huán)境。泥沙再懸浮影響下,可能是導(dǎo)致表層顆粒態(tài)金屬"二次污染"的重要因素。相比于Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等金屬含量分布在長江口的區(qū)域帶狀特征,Cr、Co、Ni等以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)組分占據(jù)絕對主導(dǎo)的金屬元素,其總量與形態(tài)分布的區(qū)域差異相對較小。(4)長江口懸浮物中REEs平均含量洪季為168.32μg/g,枯季為175.18μg/g,含量水平與黃河下游及河口地區(qū)沉積物、后太古宙澳洲頁巖以及世界河流REEs平均值接近。經(jīng)北美頁巖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,其洪枯季配分曲線從La到Lu標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值均接近于1,說明長江口懸浮物中REEs組成與北美頁巖組成相似,伴有輕微的Ce虧損與中等程度的Eu富集。在稀土形態(tài)研究中,非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)存在明顯的MREEs富集,占總含量的19～48%。懸浮物中稀土非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)比例顯著高于沉積物,很可能與樣品類型差異有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the estuarine geochemical behavior of granular metallic elements under different water conditions. At the mouth of the Yangtze River flood season (July 2013) and dry season (January 2014) were collected at 34 stations (16 flood season, dry season 18) in the surface water, the metal content of suspended solids in flood and dry season were determined (including Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and rare earth elements) and metal extractable fractions. Analysis of areal distribution of flood and dry season in the Changjiang Estuary and its total particulate metal non residual components, combined with the salinity in different parameters field, SPM field and so on, the mouth of the Yangtze River particulate metals from freshwater endmember to change characteristics of Estuary and the influence of different factors on bearing weight distribution. The results showed that: (1) no matter the season of flood and dry season, the content of grain metal in the Yangtze Estuary showed a banded distribution. From the mouth to the outside, the content gradually decreased. The metal elements, such as Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, have relatively significant zoning. The distribution of granular metal content in the waters of the outside of the mouth is also obviously banded, and most of the metal content is high in the South and low in the north. (2) the three elements of Cr, Co and Ni in the Yangtze Estuary are mainly residues. Cr and Ni account for less than 20% of the total residue content, and residues are dominant. The proportion of non residue in Cu and Zn is 30% ~ 40%. The non residue content of Pb and Cd accounted for 55% to 65% of the total amount. It can be seen that the influence of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd on the input of human activity in the Yangtze Estuary is relatively significant. (3) the control factors of the distribution of granular metals are different in different regions of the Yangtze River Estuary. In the low salinity area of the mouth, the content of granular metals is greatly influenced by the concentration of SPM, and the concentration of SPM in the flood season is greater than that in the dry season, and the dilution effect is relatively strong. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and other metal content in the dry season than that in flood season, and the non residual group of several metal divided accounted for the performance characteristics of the dry season and flood season low, the non residual ratio of Pb in flood and dry season were 51.3% and 66.5%, the proportion of non residual Cd flood season 77.2% and 84.9% respectively. It is obvious that the input of human activity metal in the Yangtze River basin to the estuary has significant difference in the flood and dry season. In the dry season, the water and sediment in the basin decreased, and the influence of human activity metal input was relatively large. The metal content of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the high turbidity area of the mouth gate was small, and the non residue components of several metals accounted for no significant difference in the flood season. The entrance area of high turbidity SPM concentration than in low salinity area increased by 5 ~ 10 times, the high turbidity zone most of the metal content is low salinity area decreased significantly, the content of Cu was in flood and dry season were 13% and 27%; the Pb content decreased in flood and dry season were 16% and 21%; the Cd content decreased in flood and dry season 57% and 73% respectively. As the input metal passes through the high turbidity area of the mouth gate, the difference of the total metal amount and its form in the flood and dry season decreases with the dilution of a large number of suspended sediment. It can be seen that the high turbidity area of the mouth gate has a certain modulation effect on the matter entering the sea. In the high salinity area out of the mouth, with the decrease of runoff, the particles gradually settle, and the average metal content of Cu, Zn and Cd continues to decrease. The distribution of the particle metal content is mainly influenced by the particle size, especially the fine particle composition. The content of granular metal and its non residue composition in the southern waters of the mouth is significantly higher than that in the high turbidity area. According to the distribution of metals in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in sediments are higher than those in the southern part of the Changjiang River. Under the influence of sediment resuspension, it may be an important factor leading to the "two pollution" of the surface granular metal. Compared with Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, the distribution of metal content in the Yangtze River estuary is characterized by regional zonal characteristics. Cr, Co, Ni and other residual metal fractions occupy the absolute dominant metal elements, and their total and morphological differences are relatively small. (4) the average REEs content of suspended sediment in the Yangtze River estuary is 168.32 g/g, and 175.18 g/g in dry season. The content is close to the average value of REEs in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the estuarine sediments, after the Archean Australian shale and the world rivers. The standardized values of dry and dry season partition curves from La to Lu were close to 1 through the standardization of North America shale. The REEs composition of suspended matter in the Yangtze Estuary is similar to that of North America shale, with slight Ce loss and moderate Eu enrichment. In the study of rare earth morphology, there is an obvious MREEs enrichment in the non residue state, which accounts for 19 to 48% of the total content. The proportion of rare-earth non residue in suspended matter is significantly higher than that in sediment, and it is likely to be related to the difference of sample type.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X142

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黎兵;嚴(yán)學(xué)新;何中發(fā);陳勇;張金華;;長江口水下地形演變對三峽水庫蓄水的響應(yīng)[J];科學(xué)通報(bào);2015年18期

2 杜建飛;成天濤;馬劍麗;;上海地區(qū)酸雨氣候特征及成因分析[J];大氣科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

3 宋嬌艷;袁林;楊志丹;張楚;王法;王強(qiáng);;鐵錳復(fù)合氧化物對鉛離子的吸附特征及影響因素研究[J];西南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2014年07期

4 張朝陽;彭平安;宋建中;劉承帥;彭玨;盧普相;;改進(jìn)BCR法分析國家土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)中重金屬化學(xué)形態(tài)[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2012年11期

5 李玉;李谷祺;馮志華;;連云港臨洪河口水體中重金屬的化學(xué)形態(tài)與分布特征研究[J];海洋科學(xué);2010年10期

6 劉啟貞;李九發(fā);戴志軍;趙建春;馮凌旋;;長江口顆粒態(tài)金屬污染物時(shí)空分布規(guī)律分析[J];海洋環(huán)境科學(xué);2009年03期

7 馮素萍;劉慎坦;杜偉;郭波;趙祥峰;劉海彬;;利用BCR改進(jìn)法和Tessier修正法提取不同類型土壤中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的對比研究[J];分析測試學(xué)報(bào);2009年03期

8 劉明;范德江;;長江、黃河入海沉積物中元素組成的對比[J];海洋科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2009年01期

9 李俊;汪霆;弓振斌;李云春;溫裕云;;長江口表層沉積物中稀土元素地球化學(xué)特征[J];臺灣海峽;2008年03期

10 沙晨燕;何文珊;童春富;陸健健;;上海近期酸雨變化特征及其化學(xué)組分分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2007年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 劉啟貞;長江口細(xì)顆粒泥沙絮凝主要影響因子及其環(huán)境效應(yīng)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2007年

2 鄧兵;中國東部海區(qū)沉積物元素地球化學(xué)特征及沉積物、有機(jī)碳埋藏通量的初步研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2005年

3 張恩仁;長江口懸浮泥沙的吸附—解吸作用對元素固—液相態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化控制的研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2003年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 王小靜;不同粒徑顆粒物對長江、黃河輸送重金屬的貢獻(xiàn)研究[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2012年

2 何榮;從流域到東海近岸重金屬輸送的初步研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

3 梁亮;河流沉積物重金屬形態(tài)分類法的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號：1340684