本文選題：刺激特異性適應(yīng)　切入點(diǎn)：聽(tīng)皮層　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在自然環(huán)境中,人類和動(dòng)物需要感知環(huán)境中的各種變化并對(duì)此及時(shí)作出相應(yīng)反應(yīng)。對(duì)動(dòng)物而言,對(duì)周?chē)h(huán)境中的新異刺激或事件及時(shí)作出反應(yīng)是一種對(duì)生存至關(guān)重要的能力。刺激特異性適應(yīng)(stimulus-specific adaptation,SSA)是指感覺(jué)中樞中某些神經(jīng)元對(duì)新異刺激(小概率刺激)的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)于對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激(大概率刺激)的反應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象。盡管已在多種成年哺乳動(dòng)物以及鳥(niǎo)類的聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞上對(duì)SSA進(jìn)行了深入的研究,然而,到目前為止,幼年動(dòng)物的聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞中是否存在SSA現(xiàn)象,以及SSA的程度如何還不清楚。本研究的主要目的是觀察幼年時(shí)期的大鼠聽(tīng)皮層神經(jīng)元是否存在SSA現(xiàn)象,并與成年大鼠聽(tīng)皮層神經(jīng)元的SSA進(jìn)行比較,為進(jìn)一步理解大鼠出生后聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞的功能發(fā)育提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)是在三組不同年齡的大鼠上進(jìn)行的:嬰兒大鼠組(Infant,P 15-20),幼年大鼠組(Juvenile,P 21-30)和成年大鼠組(Adult,P 64-91)。用電生理學(xué)方法在三組大鼠初級(jí)聽(tīng)皮層記錄神經(jīng)元對(duì)新異聲刺激序列的聽(tīng)反應(yīng),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):在大鼠出生后的不同時(shí)期,大鼠聽(tīng)皮層神經(jīng)元表現(xiàn)出不同程度的SSA,幼年時(shí)期(嬰兒組和幼年組)的大鼠聽(tīng)皮層具對(duì)新異聲刺激頻率探測(cè)能力的神經(jīng)元比例低于成年大鼠,幼年期大鼠聽(tīng)皮層神經(jīng)元的刺激特異性適應(yīng)指數(shù)也低于成年大鼠。此外,三組大鼠聽(tīng)皮層大多數(shù)神經(jīng)元對(duì)新異聲刺激反應(yīng)的首次發(fā)放潛伏期短于對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)聲刺激反應(yīng)的首次發(fā)放潛伏期。本研究結(jié)果表明,大鼠初級(jí)聽(tīng)皮層的少數(shù)神經(jīng)元在幼年時(shí)期已表現(xiàn)出對(duì)新異聲刺激頻率的探測(cè)能力,聽(tīng)皮層神經(jīng)元對(duì)新異聲刺激頻率的探測(cè)能力在出生后有一個(gè)發(fā)育和完善的過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:In the natural environment, humans and animals need to perceive and respond to changes in the environment in a timely manner. The ability to respond in a timely manner to new or unusual stimuli or events in the surrounding environment is a vital ability for survival. Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSAs) refers to the response of some neurons in the sensory center to new and unusual stimuli (small probability stimuli). The phenomenon is stronger than the response to standard stimuli (large probability stimuli). Although SSA has been studied in the auditory centers of a variety of adult mammals and birds, However, it is not clear whether there is SSA in the auditory center of young animals and how far SSA is. The main purpose of this study was to observe the presence of SSA in neurons in the auditory cortex of young rats. The SSA of auditory cortex neurons in adult rats was compared with that in adult rats. In order to further understand the functional development of the postnatal auditory center in rats, the experiment was conducted on three groups of rats of different ages: infantile rat group, juvenile rat group, juvenile rat group, juvenile rat group, and adult rat group. The physiological methods recorded the auditory responses of neurons to new and abnormal stimuli in the primary auditory cortex of three groups of rats. The results showed that: at different periods after birth, Rat auditory cortical neurons showed different degrees of SSA.The proportion of neurons in the auditory cortex of young rats (infant and juvenile) with the ability to detect the frequency of new sounds was lower than that of adult rats. The stimulation-specific adaptation index of auditory cortical neurons in juvenile rats was also lower than that in adult rats. The first release latency of most neurons in the auditory cortex of the three groups was shorter than that of the standard acoustic stimuli. A few neurons in the primary auditory cortex of rats have demonstrated the ability to detect the frequency of new and abnormal sounds in their infancy, and the ability of the neurons in the auditory cortex to detect the frequencies of new and abnormal sounds has a process of development and improvement after birth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q42

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1669095