本文選題：波場(chǎng)快照　切入點(diǎn)：超聲地震模擬技術(shù)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：波場(chǎng)快照能夠全面清晰直觀地顯示出地震波在介質(zhì)中傳波的時(shí)空?qǐng)D像,對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)和研究復(fù)雜條件下構(gòu)造、物性和巖性等多種地質(zhì)因素與地震波之間的響應(yīng)特征(波場(chǎng)特性)具有極大幫助,而波場(chǎng)特性是地震勘探領(lǐng)域內(nèi)解釋資料時(shí)必不可少的依據(jù)。盡管由于物理模擬方法技術(shù)的限制,數(shù)值模擬目前仍是獲取地震波時(shí)空傳播的波場(chǎng)快照的主要方法,但物理模擬在地震波場(chǎng)的認(rèn)識(shí)和研究中的重要性和不可替代性一直促使地球物理學(xué)者發(fā)展通過物理模擬獲取波場(chǎng)快照的方法。本文從二維地震模型的理論出發(fā),結(jié)合地震波第一菲涅爾帶半徑理論(橫向分辨率)以及觀測(cè)條件限制(激發(fā)傳感器尺寸),對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中所用二維模型的厚度進(jìn)行研究,然后結(jié)合超聲地震物理實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)理論,運(yùn)用基于虛擬儀器技術(shù)搭建的超聲物理實(shí)驗(yàn)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng),以及設(shè)計(jì)的針對(duì)波場(chǎng)快照數(shù)據(jù)采集的觀測(cè)方案,對(duì)制作的二維均勻介質(zhì)模型和二維橫向非均勻介質(zhì)模型進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),并將測(cè)得的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用編制的數(shù)據(jù)處理程序進(jìn)行處理,最后利用處理后的數(shù)據(jù)繪制二維波場(chǎng)快照,并提取使用本方法測(cè)得的近自由表面記錄的瑞利面波的頻散特征,與相應(yīng)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,來驗(yàn)證本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法的可行性和可信度。最終得到了均勻半空間和橫向非均勻半空間模型的二維波場(chǎng)快照。以兩種模型的實(shí)驗(yàn)觀測(cè)和處理后數(shù)據(jù)繪制的波場(chǎng)快照以及近自由表面記錄的瑞利面波的頻散特征,與對(duì)應(yīng)的二維數(shù)值模擬的結(jié)果對(duì)比,二者具有很好的一致性,驗(yàn)證了超聲物理技術(shù)模擬波場(chǎng)快照方法的可行性和可信性。研究結(jié)果表明,本文提出的物理模擬方法具有直觀地揭示二維復(fù)雜介質(zhì)中全波震像的時(shí)空響應(yīng)特征的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:The snapshot of the wave field can show the space-time image of the seismic wave in the medium clearly and intuitively. Many geological factors, such as physical property and lithology, are of great help to the response characteristics (wave field characteristics) between seismic waves. The characteristics of the wave field are the essential basis for interpreting the data in the field of seismic exploration, although the numerical simulation is still the main method to obtain the snapshot of the seismic wave propagation in time and space due to the limitation of the physical simulation method and technology. However, the importance and irreplaceable importance of physical simulation in the recognition and study of seismic wave field has led geophysicists to develop the method of obtaining wave field snapshots by physical simulation. Combined with the first Fresnel band radius theory of seismic wave (lateral resolution) and the observation condition (excitation sensor dimension), the thickness of the two-dimensional model used in the experiment is studied, and then the basic theory of ultrasonic seismic physics experiment is combined. The ultrasonic physical experiment observation system based on virtual instrument technology and the observation scheme designed for the data acquisition of wave field snapshot are used to test the two-dimensional homogeneous medium model and the two-dimensional transverse non-uniform medium model. The measured experimental data are processed by the data processing program, and the 2D wave field snapshots are drawn using the processed data, and the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh surface waves recorded on the near free surface by this method are extracted. Compared with the corresponding numerical simulation results, Finally, 2-D wave field snapshots of homogeneous half-space and transverse non-uniform half-space models are obtained. The wave field snapshots drawn from the experimental observations and processed data of the two models are used. And the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh surface waves recorded near the free surface, Compared with the corresponding two-dimensional numerical simulation results, the two methods are in good agreement, and the feasibility and credibility of the ultrasonic physics simulation method for wave field snapshot are verified. The physical simulation method presented in this paper has the advantage of directly revealing the space-time response characteristics of full wave seismic images in two-dimensional complex media.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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