發(fā)布時間：2018-03-21 21:30

  本文選題：工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型　切入點：參數(shù)　出處：《中國氣象科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,基于隨機(jī)數(shù)值模擬進(jìn)行臺風(fēng)風(fēng)災(zāi)評估的方法被廣泛應(yīng)用,其中,工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型是重要的組成之一。我國對工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型的研究正處于起步階段,部分參數(shù)在西北太平洋海域還未有可靠的方案,且鮮有研究考慮我國沿海復(fù)雜地形的影響。因此,了解模型中各參數(shù)的特性,尋求適用于西北太平洋臺風(fēng)且考慮地形影響的工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型是極其必要的。基于臺風(fēng)邊界層的最新觀測和研究成果,提出了最大風(fēng)速半徑、邊界層風(fēng)速比、拖曳系數(shù)等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的經(jīng)驗方案,并依據(jù)垂直平均運動方程,建立了適用于西北太平洋臺風(fēng)的工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型,最高分辨率為2 km。通過理想試驗,驗證了所建模型的合理性,并重點關(guān)注了模擬風(fēng)場對拖曳系數(shù)參數(shù)化方案的敏感性。研究提出了地形阻力項的引入方案,并探討了我國沿海地形對工程臺風(fēng)模擬風(fēng)場的影響。主要結(jié)論有:建立的工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型能較好地反映臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場的非對稱結(jié)構(gòu)特征,并能較準(zhǔn)確的計算出臺風(fēng)最大風(fēng)速及其所在位置。根據(jù)已有觀測及研究成果,總結(jié)得到增長型、飽和型、下降型三種拖曳系數(shù)隨風(fēng)速變化的參數(shù)化方案,通過敏感性試驗發(fā)現(xiàn),不同的拖曳系數(shù)參數(shù)化方案主要影響強(qiáng)臺風(fēng)的內(nèi)核區(qū),對10 m高度最大風(fēng)速值的影響可達(dá)6~7%。選取“�？�(1211)”和“燦鴻(1509)”進(jìn)行個例模擬試驗,結(jié)果表明:建立的工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型能較好地反映真實臺風(fēng)的最大風(fēng)速、風(fēng)場水平分布及影響測站的風(fēng)速風(fēng)向演變情況。此外,Holland B參數(shù)對模擬風(fēng)場影響顯著。在工程臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場模型中引入地形阻力項后,“�？焙汀盃N鴻”的最大風(fēng)速模擬誤差均減小,在臺風(fēng)移動方向后側(cè)最大風(fēng)速半徑附近的風(fēng)場變化最為顯著,風(fēng)速減小,風(fēng)向順時針旋轉(zhuǎn)。可見,考慮地形作用后,能更加真實地反映臺風(fēng)風(fēng)場特征,對進(jìn)一步提高臺風(fēng)風(fēng)災(zāi)評估準(zhǔn)確度具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the method of typhoon wind disaster assessment based on stochastic numerical simulation has been widely used, among which the engineering typhoon wind field model is one of the important components. The study of engineering typhoon wind field model in China is in its infancy. There is no reliable scheme for some parameters in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and few studies have taken into account the influence of the complex topography along the coast of China. Therefore, the characteristics of the parameters in the model are understood. It is extremely necessary to seek an engineering typhoon wind field model suitable for typhoon in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and consider the influence of topography. Based on the latest observation and research results of typhoon boundary layer, the maximum wind velocity radius and the wind velocity ratio of boundary layer are proposed. Based on the vertical mean motion equation, an engineering typhoon wind field model with a maximum resolution of 2 km is established based on the trailing coefficient and the vertical mean motion equation. The rationality of the proposed model is verified by ideal experiments. The sensitivity of the simulated wind field to the parameterization scheme of towing coefficient is emphasized, and the scheme of introducing the terrain resistance term is proposed. The influence of coastal topography on the simulated wind field of engineering typhoon is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: the wind field model of engineering typhoon can better reflect the asymmetric structural characteristics of typhoon wind field. The maximum wind speed of typhoon and its location can be calculated more accurately. According to the existing observation and research results, three parameterized schemes for the variation of towing coefficient with wind speed are summarized, which are growth type, saturation type and descent type, and the sensitivity test shows that, Different parameterization schemes of towing coefficient mainly affect the inner core of a strong typhoon, and the influence on the maximum wind speed of 10 m height can reach 6? 7. The anemone 1211) and the "Zhanhong 1509)" are selected to carry out the simulation tests. The results show that the model of engineering typhoon wind field can well reflect the maximum wind speed of real typhoon. The horizontal distribution of wind field and the evolution of wind speed and direction affect the wind speed of the station. In addition, Holland B parameter has a significant effect on the simulated wind field. When the topographic resistance term is introduced into the wind field model of engineering typhoon, the maximum wind velocity simulation errors of "sea anemone" and "zhanhong" are both reduced. The wind field near the maximum wind velocity radius behind the moving direction of the typhoon is the most significant, the wind speed decreases and the wind direction rotates clockwise. It can be seen that considering the topography, the wind field characteristics of the typhoon can be more truly reflected. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of typhoon disaster assessment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國氣象科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P444

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