本文選題：拉曼激光雷達(dá)　切入點(diǎn)：大氣探測　出處：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在大氣中,水汽是一種重要的氣象要素,在云物理和降水的形成過程、大氣化學(xué)反應(yīng)過程及能量循環(huán)過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。水汽是大氣中唯一可以相變的氣體,水汽的特殊性及其對生命意義的影響,使水汽區(qū)別于其他氣體而受到人類的廣泛關(guān)注。作為一種光學(xué)主動遙感方法,激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)具有探測距離遠(yuǎn)、精度高、靈敏度高、時(shí)空分辨率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此,激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用于大氣探測、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、氣候研究等領(lǐng)域。本文依托自研拉曼激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)采集數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算得出水汽混合比,并對水汽混合比的誤差進(jìn)行分析。依據(jù)誤差傳遞理論,逐項(xiàng)分析水汽混合比誤差的各個(gè)誤差源貢獻(xiàn),結(jié)果表明:激光雷達(dá)測量水汽混合比的誤差主要包括標(biāo)定常數(shù)、大氣透過率修正和回波信號三個(gè)誤差源。其中,標(biāo)定常數(shù)誤差和系統(tǒng)參數(shù)及標(biāo)定方法息息相關(guān),不隨高度而改變,約為4-6%,是1.5公里以下激光雷達(dá)測量水汽混合比總相對誤差的主要來源;大氣透過率修正誤差主要源于實(shí)際大氣光學(xué)特性,隨高度升高而增加,潔凈天氣條件下對總相對誤差的影響小于4%,污染天氣條件下對總相對誤差的影響小于5%;回波信號誤差和系統(tǒng)參數(shù)及大氣特性相關(guān),在潔凈天氣條件下,回波信號誤差在垂直高度3公里以下一般小于20%,在垂直高度3公里以上,成為水汽混合比總相對誤差的主要來源;在污染天氣條件下,回波信號誤差在2公里以下一般小于30%,在2公里以上,成為水汽混合比總相對誤差的主要來源。由于回波信號的相對誤差是水汽混合比總誤差中最不確定的部分,為了詳細(xì)分析激光雷達(dá)回波信號的相對誤差,分別采用隨機(jī)誤差方法、泊松公式方法和背景信號方法,計(jì)算得出水汽混合比的整體誤差,并通過激光雷達(dá)與無線電探空儀測量水汽混合比的對比實(shí)驗(yàn),分析驗(yàn)證這三種計(jì)算回波信號相對誤差的方法。結(jié)果表明:三種方法各自有的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用條件。隨機(jī)誤差方法計(jì)算水汽混合比的相對誤差時(shí),計(jì)算低層幾何因子和大氣中氣象結(jié)構(gòu)的測量結(jié)果相對誤差偏大。泊松公式方法計(jì)算水汽混合比的相對誤差時(shí),激光雷達(dá)信噪比較大時(shí),計(jì)算的相對誤差較為準(zhǔn)確,但高層激光雷達(dá)信噪比較小時(shí),無法計(jì)算出相對誤差。背景信號方法計(jì)算水汽混合比的相對誤差時(shí),信噪比較強(qiáng)時(shí)計(jì)算的相對誤差偏小,但可以很好地表現(xiàn)出激光雷達(dá)回波信號的衰減趨勢。對比結(jié)果顯示:激光雷達(dá)自身計(jì)算相對誤差和對比誤差一致性較好,說明了激光雷達(dá)自身計(jì)算相對誤差的可靠性。上述分析結(jié)果對于提高激光雷達(dá)測量水汽混合比的準(zhǔn)確性,以及激光雷達(dá)測量結(jié)果在氣象預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用起到很好的輔助作用。
[Abstract]:In the atmosphere, water vapor is an important meteorological element, which plays an important role in cloud physics and precipitation formation process, atmospheric chemical reaction process and energy cycle process. Because of the particularity of water vapor and its influence on life meaning, water vapor is widely concerned by people because it is different from other gases. As an optical active remote sensing method, lidar system has long detection range, high precision and high sensitivity. Therefore, the lidar system is widely used in the fields of atmospheric detection, environmental monitoring, climate research and so on. Based on the data collected by the self-developed Raman lidar system, the water vapor mixing ratio is calculated. According to the error transfer theory, each error source of water vapor mixing ratio error is analyzed item by item. The results show that the error of measuring water vapor mixing ratio by lidar mainly includes calibration constant. Atmospheric transmittance correction and echo signal are three error sources. The calibration constant error is closely related to system parameters and calibration methods, and does not change with height. About 4-6, which is the main source of the total relative error of water vapor mixing ratio measured by lidar less than 1.5 km. The correction error of atmospheric transmittance is mainly derived from the optical properties of the actual atmosphere and increases with the elevation. The effect on total relative error under clean weather condition is less than 4, and that on total relative error under polluted weather condition is less than 5. The echo signal error is related to system parameters and atmospheric characteristics. The echo signal error is generally less than 20 when the vertical height is less than 3 km, and above 3 km at the vertical altitude, which is the main source of the total relative error of the water vapor mixing ratio. The echo signal error is generally less than 30 km, and above 2 km, it is the main source of the total relative error of the water vapor mixing ratio. Because the relative error of the echo signal is the most uncertain part of the total water vapor mixing ratio error, In order to analyze the relative error of laser radar echo signal in detail, the whole error of water vapor mixing ratio is calculated by using random error method, Poisson formula method and background signal method, respectively. The contrast experiment between lidar and radiosonde is used to measure the water vapor mixing ratio. The three methods for calculating the relative error of echo signal are analyzed and verified. The results show that each of the three methods has its own advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions. When the random error method is used to calculate the relative error of water vapor mixing ratio, When calculating the relative error of water vapor mixing ratio by Poisson formula method, when the signal-to-noise ratio of lidar is larger, the relative error is more accurate. However, the relative error can not be calculated when the signal-to-noise ratio of high level lidar is small. When the background signal method calculates the relative error of water vapor mixing ratio, the relative error is small when the signal-to-noise ratio is strong. However, the attenuation trend of laser radar echo signal can be well demonstrated. The comparison results show that the relative error and contrast error of the laser radar itself are in good agreement. The reliability of the relative error calculation of lidar itself is explained. The above results can improve the accuracy of lidar measurement of water vapor mixing ratio and the application of lidar measurement results in weather forecast.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P407.5

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