本文選題：黃河三角洲　切入點(diǎn)：土地利用方式　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：以黃河三角洲東營(yíng)市河口區(qū)3種典型土地利用方式(耕地、草地和林地)為研究對(duì)象,采用野外調(diào)查取樣和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析相結(jié)合的方法,研究不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤基本理化特性(含水量、容重、孔隙度、顆粒組分、團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)、p H、電導(dǎo)率)、土壤養(yǎng)分(全氮、硝銨態(tài)氮、速效磷、速效鉀)、土壤有機(jī)碳庫(kù)(總有機(jī)碳、易氧化有機(jī)碳、微生物量碳、ROC/SOC、MBC/SOC、碳庫(kù)管理指數(shù))的影響,為黃河三角洲河口區(qū)鹽堿地合理利用和改良提供參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤基本理化特性具有顯著影響。各土層含水量在3種不同土地利用方式間均表現(xiàn)為耕地草地林地;研究區(qū)樣地土壤容重和孔隙度受土地利用方式影響不明顯,僅10~20 cm層草地與耕地和林地間表現(xiàn)為差異顯著(p0.05);各土層不同土地利用方式土壤砂粒、粉粒、黏粒含量均表現(xiàn)為顯著差異:0~20 cm各層土壤黏粒和粉粒含量均為草地耕地林地,20~50 cm土層粉粒和黏粒含量最少的均為耕地,其含量均在10%以下;研究樣區(qū)土壤團(tuán)聚體以非水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體為主,草地的土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)量和穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)于耕地和林地。干篩法下土壤團(tuán)聚體的平均重量直徑(MWD)和幾何平均直徑(GMD)表現(xiàn)為草地(2.75 mm,1.96 mm)耕地(1.53 mm,0.73 mm)林地(1.04 mm,0.55 mm),且差異顯著(p0.05);土壤p H、電導(dǎo)率在同一時(shí)期相同土層3種不同土地利用方式之間均差異顯著(p0.05)。2、不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分特性具有顯著影響。土壤全氮含量在不同時(shí)期表現(xiàn)規(guī)律不同:春季除5~20 cm層,其余三層均為草地含量最高(最大值達(dá)1.63 mg·g-1),秋季5~50 cm層全氮含量最小值均出現(xiàn)在林地;硝態(tài)氮含量在秋季20~50 cm層林地略高于耕地外,兩個(gè)季節(jié)各土層表現(xiàn)出相同規(guī)律:耕地林地草地;土壤銨態(tài)氮含量在兩個(gè)時(shí)期差別較大,其中耕地0~5 cm層表現(xiàn)極為明顯(春季銨態(tài)氮含量是秋季的6.8倍),秋季采樣同土層耕地銨態(tài)氮含量顯著低于草地和林地。草地土壤速效鉀含量在春季各土層均顯著高于耕地和林地,速效磷含量也均為草地最高;秋季土壤速效鉀含量除0~10 cm外其他3層表現(xiàn)規(guī)律一致為林地草地耕地,耕地土壤速效磷含量在5~50 cm土層均顯著高于草地和林地含量。3、不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳、易氧化有機(jī)碳、微生物量碳含量均有顯著影響。SOC在春季除0~5 cm層外均表現(xiàn)為草地耕地林地,秋季則為耕地草地林地;土壤ROC、MBC在兩個(gè)時(shí)期不同土層表現(xiàn)規(guī)律不同,這與不同土地利用方式間土壤pH、電導(dǎo)率及土壤生物差異較大具有顯著關(guān)系;各土層土壤ROC/SOC值均為林地顯著高于耕地和草地且變化規(guī)律相同:林地草地耕地,MBC/SOC在各土層的最高值也都出現(xiàn)在林地;土壤碳庫(kù)管理指數(shù)在不同土地利用方式樣地間均表現(xiàn)為耕地最低,10~30 cm層草地高于槐樹林地,總體上以苜蓿種植對(duì)鹽堿地土壤改良效果顯著。
[Abstract]:Taking three typical land use patterns (cultivated land, grassland and woodland) in Dongying City, Yellow River Delta as the research object, the method of field investigation and indoor experimental analysis was used. The basic physical and chemical properties (water content, bulk density, porosity, particle composition, aggregate structure, electrical conductivity), soil nutrients (total nitrogen, ammonium nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus) of different land use patterns were studied. The effects of available potassium, soil organic carbon (total organic carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, MBC / SOC, carbon pool management index), The main results are as follows: 1. The main results are as follows: 1. Different land use patterns have significant influence on the basic physical and chemical properties of soil. The patterns of utilization were cultivated land, grassland and woodland. The soil bulk density and porosity were not affected by the land use pattern, but there was significant difference between the grassland at 10 ~ 20 cm level and the cultivated land and forest land, and the soil sand and silt in different land use patterns in different soil layers, the soil density and porosity in the study area were not significantly affected by the land use pattern, but the difference was significant between the grassland and the cultivated land and forest land. The content of clay and silt in each layer of 20 cm soil layer were significantly different. The content of clay and silt in the soil layer of 20 ~ 50cm of grassland, woodland and woodland was the least in cultivated land, and the content of clay was less than 10%. The soil aggregates in the sample area were mainly non-water-stable aggregates. The average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMDD) of soil aggregates under dry sieve method were 2.75 mm / 1.96 mm) and 1.53 mm / 0.73 mm) respectively, and the difference was significant. Soil pH and electrical conductivity were significantly different among three different land use patterns in the same soil layer in the same period. Different land use patterns had a significant effect on soil nutrient characteristics. The total nitrogen content of soil was on the surface of different periods. The present law is different: in spring, except 5cm layer, The other three layers were the highest in grassland content (the maximum value was 1.63 mg 路g -1), the minimum of total nitrogen content in 5 ~ 50 cm layer appeared in the forest land in autumn, the nitrate nitrogen content in 20 ~ 50 cm layer in autumn was slightly higher than that outside the cultivated land. The soil layers of the two seasons showed the same regularity: cultivated land, woodland and grassland, and the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil varied greatly in the two periods. The content of ammonium nitrogen was 6.8 times higher in spring than that in autumn. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the same soil layer in autumn was significantly lower than that in grassland and woodland. The available potassium content of soil in spring was significant in all soil layers. Higher than arable land and woodland, The available P content was also the highest in grassland, and the other three layers of soil available potassium content except 0 ~ 10 cm in autumn showed the same pattern as woodland and grassland cultivated land. The soil available phosphorus content of cultivated land was significantly higher than that of grassland and woodland in the soil layer of 5 ~ 50 cm, and the soil organic carbon was easily oxidized by different land use methods. Soil microbial biomass carbon content was significantly affected. SOC in spring, except 0 ~ 5 cm layer, showed as grassland and forest land, but in autumn, it was cultivated and grassland forest land, and soil ROCN MBC showed different regularity in different soil layers in the two periods. There was a significant relationship between soil pH, electrical conductivity and soil biological diversity among different land use patterns. The ROC/SOC value of each soil layer was significantly higher than that of cultivated land and grassland, and the law of change was the same: the highest value of MBC / SOC in each soil layer was also found in forest land. The soil carbon pool management index was higher than that of Sophora acacia forest in the lowest 1030 cm layer of cultivated land in different land use patterns, and the effect of alfalfa planting on soil improvement in saline-alkali land was significant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S151.9

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