發(fā)布時間：2018-03-08 04:30

  本文選題：多震源混合采集　切入點：加權(quán)多級中值濾波　出處：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：多震源混合采集技術(shù)作為一項高效率高密度的地震采集革新技術(shù),對提高成像質(zhì)量、節(jié)省勘探施工成本以及增強地下介質(zhì)照明度起到了突出的推動作用,但受制于海上震源激發(fā)裝備條件和勘探船開采成本等因素,海洋多震源混合采集的工業(yè)化進程仍處于初步階段。為加快完成多震源混合采集從基礎(chǔ)理論研究到實際采集的過渡,文章基于前人研究基礎(chǔ),針對海洋多震源混合采集技術(shù)開展了系統(tǒng)研究。本文主要闡釋了海洋多震源混合采集的方法原理、混采數(shù)據(jù)分離方法以及缺失道集重構(gòu)方法,針對目前常規(guī)勘探中存在的照明度不夠、缺失道集等問題,從多震源混合采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計、稀疏變換重構(gòu)地震數(shù)據(jù)等不同角度相應(yīng)地提出了解決方案。通過模擬算例驗證了方法的可行性,為未來海洋混合震源采集技術(shù)的商業(yè)化發(fā)展奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。本文通過分析比較常規(guī)單震源采集和多震源混合采集,對多震源混合采集的基本理論和數(shù)學模型進行了詳細解釋。用圖例表達出多震源混合采集SDR、STR兩個關(guān)鍵參數(shù)和混合度的概念,通過引入混合震源算子概念,根據(jù)不同混合震源算子將多震源混合采集分為:“完全欠定型多震源混合采集”和“非完全欠定型多震源混合采集”,并對與之相應(yīng)多震源混合采集數(shù)據(jù)進行了分離處理和研究�；诙嗾鹪椿旌喜杉^測系統(tǒng)中子震源間距不同,分別對兩種海洋多震源混合采集觀測系統(tǒng):“海洋多震源混合采集多船觀測系統(tǒng)”、“海洋多震源混合采集單船觀測系統(tǒng)”的正演模擬進行了詳細介紹,強調(diào)了不同觀測系統(tǒng)的采集優(yōu)點。通過延遲時間激發(fā)順序的不同,介紹了四種不同類型的編碼設(shè)計形式。由時間域多震源混合采集數(shù)據(jù)分離的角度出發(fā),闡釋了多震源混合采集中“偽分離”這一基礎(chǔ)概念。在改進多級中值濾波方法的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出基于加權(quán)多級中值濾波迭代的多震源混合采集數(shù)據(jù)分離方法。將時間域混采數(shù)據(jù)偽分離記錄轉(zhuǎn)換至F-K域進行信噪分析,設(shè)計不同的選擇窗口進行噪聲閾值濾除,改善了F-K濾波無法完全壓制混合采集數(shù)據(jù)中混疊噪聲的缺點,提高了分離數(shù)據(jù)保真度。本文在設(shè)計F-K選擇窗口的基礎(chǔ)之上,引入一個權(quán)系數(shù),將原濾波方法改進成加權(quán)多級中值濾波,并設(shè)計了迭代算法,在震源混合度較高的情況下進行了模型計算,與常規(guī)多震源地震混采數(shù)據(jù)分離技術(shù)相比具有更高的分離效率和更高質(zhì)量的分離信噪比。由于在地震采集過程中存在“殘道、壞道”的現(xiàn)象,為了使多震源混合采集分離記錄具有較高的保真度,須在波場數(shù)據(jù)分離的同時對缺失道集數(shù)據(jù)進行重新構(gòu)建。鑒于此,本文引入用于地震數(shù)據(jù)重構(gòu)的Shearlet稀疏基,設(shè)計了一種在壓縮感知框架下基于Shearlet變換(剪切波變換)的混合采集數(shù)據(jù)分離和地震數(shù)據(jù)重構(gòu)方法。該方法首先對缺失的多震源混合采集數(shù)據(jù)進行時域變換,經(jīng)預(yù)處理后通過Shearlet變換得到相應(yīng)的稀疏表示,引入快速迭代收縮閾值算法實現(xiàn)Shearlet域中稀疏系數(shù)的恢復(fù),最后對稀疏系數(shù)進行Shearlet反變換實現(xiàn)地震缺失道集數(shù)據(jù)的重構(gòu)和混采數(shù)據(jù)的分離。利用Shearlet變換的最佳稀疏逼近性質(zhì)在分離殘留噪聲的同時最大程度地保留有效信號,并設(shè)計迭代算法不斷優(yōu)化分離結(jié)果。通過模擬數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果驗證得出:與其他常規(guī)混采數(shù)據(jù)分離方法相比,該方法具有更佳的分離結(jié)果和計算效率。
[Abstract]:Multi source mixed acquisition technology is a high efficiency and high density seismic acquisition technology innovation, to improve the image quality, save construction cost and enhance the exploration of underground medium illumination has played a prominent role in promoting, but subject to the sea source equipment conditions and exploration ship mining costs and other factors, the marine multi source mixed collection of industrialization is still in the preliminary stage. Multi source mixed acquisition from basic theory research to the actual acquisition in order to speed up the transition, the article based on the basis of previous research, the hybrid acquisition technology of ocean source are researched. This paper mainly explains the principle and method of multi source marine mixed collection, mixing and deletion gathers data reconstruction method of separation method at present, the conventional exploration in lighting is not enough, the problem missing trace set, from the design of hybrid acquisition system of multiple sources, sparse Different angle transform to reconstruct seismic data corresponding solution is put forward. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the method, which laid a theoretical foundation for the future development of commercial marine hybrid source acquisition technology. By comparing the conventional single source acquisition and multi source mixed acquisition, a detailed explanation of the basic theory and mathematical model multi source mixed collection. Expression of multiple sources with mixed acquisition SDR legend, STR two key parameters and the mixing degree concept, through the introduction of hybrid source operator concept, according to the different mixed source operator multi source mixed collection is divided into: "no stereotypes of multiple sources of mixed collection" and "non completely under stereotypes of multiple sources mixed acquisition", and the corresponding multi source data collection and the mixture were separated and processing and research. Multi source mixed acquisition system based on the distance between the neutron source Different of the two kinds of ocean source hybrid acquisition system: "ocean source mixed acquisition observation system" ships "forward ocean source mixed acquisition observation system" single ship simulation is introduced in detail, emphasize different advantages. Through the observation system acquisition delay time excitation sequence, the four different types of encoding form design. By the time domain separation of multiple source mixed data acquisition perspective, explains the multiple sources of mixed collection in "pseudo separation" of the basic concept. Based on improved multilevel median filtering method, this paper proposes to separate multiple sources of data collection mixed weighted multistage median filtering based on iteration the time domain method. The mixed noise analysis of mining data records a pseudo separate conversion to F-K domain, the selection window design for different noise threshold filtering, F-K filtering to improve Completely mixed and pressed shortcomings of aliasing noise in acquisition data, improve the separation of data fidelity. Based on the selection window in the design of F-K, by introducing a weight coefficient, the improved filtering method as a weighted multistage median filtering, and the iterative algorithm for the design of a high degree of mixing in the source under the condition of model calculation. With the conventional multi source seismic data compared with the mixed mining separation technology has higher separation efficiency and higher quality separation signal-to-noise ratio. Due to the existence of residual in the seismic acquisition process, bad sectors "phenomenon, in order to make the multi source mixed collection and separation of records with high fidelity, must be in the separation of wave field data at the same time to gather data to reconstruct the missing. In view of this, this paper introduced Shearlet based sparse seismic data reconstruction, a Shearlet transform based on compressed sensing frame design (shear wave For the data acquisition and separation) hybrid seismic data reconstruction method. Firstly, the lack of multi source mixed data domain transform, after the pretreatment by Shearlet transform to obtain the corresponding sparse representation, the fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm for sparse coefficient in Shearlet domain recovery, the sparse coefficient inverse transform Shearlet the lack of seismic gathers data reconstruction and mixed mining data separation. Using Shearlet transform optimal sparse approximation properties in the separation of residual noise and maximize the retention of the effective signal, and design iterative algorithm to optimize the separation results. The simulation results verify that the data and other data mining method compared to conventional coagulation separation, separation this method has better results and calculation efficiency.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631.46

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