本文選題：絲綢之路　切入點(diǎn)：科技　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：陸上絲綢之路已經(jīng)成功入選世界文化遺產(chǎn),近年來(lái)我國(guó)政府努力建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶,在此宏觀背景下,本文從科技角度著手,研究陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期中西方交流。陸上絲綢之路開始于西漢張騫通西域,延續(xù)千年,到漢唐時(shí)期走上中西方科技交流的高峰,經(jīng)過(guò)宋元兩個(gè)時(shí)期的延續(xù),到明清時(shí)期逐漸衰落。陸上絲綢之路的地理范圍涵蓋亞歐大陸,在這個(gè)時(shí)空內(nèi),阿拉伯文明、古印度文明、波斯文明、中華文明、中亞以及歐洲都共享陸上絲綢之路帶來(lái)的科技交流成果。陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期中西方科技交流是人類科技交流史上重要的一章。本文研究的陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期中西方科技交流的科技細(xì)分為理論型科學(xué)與應(yīng)用型技術(shù)。理論型科學(xué)交流主要集中在物理、天文、數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域,應(yīng)用型技術(shù)交流比較廣泛,主要以中國(guó)四大發(fā)明中的造紙術(shù)、火藥、印刷術(shù)為代表。除此以外冶煉、制瓷工藝中西方交流較多。由此展開分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期中西方科技交流形式主要以使節(jié)、商旅、移民、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、書籍為主。交流的過(guò)程中西方保持互動(dòng),交流的內(nèi)容中西方形成互補(bǔ),交流的客體中應(yīng)用型技術(shù)是主流,理論型科學(xué)規(guī)模較小。從交流的整體影響來(lái)看,中國(guó)是陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期中西方科技交流的技術(shù)輸出國(guó),中亞地區(qū)歷史上承載了中西方科技交流的過(guò)渡作用,阿拉伯帝國(guó)時(shí)期利用它在地理環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì),政府積極的吸收外來(lái)的科技文明,取得了很多科學(xué)成就,成為中世紀(jì)時(shí)期科技發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),地緣上使得歐洲在中世紀(jì)末期,通過(guò)從阿拉伯地區(qū)引進(jìn)、吸收了大量基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)和應(yīng)用技術(shù),為歐洲近代科學(xué)革命的到來(lái)打下了基礎(chǔ)。歷史上,陸上絲綢之路為中西方科技交流做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),今天我們以史為鑒,陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期科技交流是絲綢之路重要內(nèi)容,故陸上絲綢之路時(shí)期中西方科技交流也是絲綢之路這一世界文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分。我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)和開發(fā)絲綢之路文化遺產(chǎn)的過(guò)程中,應(yīng)該重視中西方科技交流這一塊寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。如今,我國(guó)正大力發(fā)展絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶,這是惠及沿線國(guó)家,造福人類的國(guó)家政策,發(fā)展好絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是沿線國(guó)家人民的共識(shí),科學(xué)技術(shù)作為社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的重要方面,歷史上絲綢之路科技交流促進(jìn)了沿線國(guó)家文明的繁榮,如今我們也該為絲綢之路營(yíng)造一個(gè)和平發(fā)展的國(guó)際環(huán)境,繼續(xù)加大對(duì)外開放的力度,努力建設(shè)一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的市場(chǎng)秩序,加強(qiáng)沿線國(guó)家科技文化的交流,利用好絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶這一國(guó)家政策,使絲綢之路走向新生。
[Abstract]:The land Silk Road has been successfully selected as the world cultural heritage. In recent years, our government has made great efforts to build the Silk Road economic belt. Under this macro background, this paper sets about from the angle of science and technology. Study on the exchange between China and the West during the period of the Land Silk Road. The land Silk Road began in the Western Han Dynasty, where Zhang Qian traveled to the Western regions, and lasted for thousands of years. During the Han and Tang dynasties, it reached the peak of the scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West, and went through the continuation of the Song and Yuan dynasties. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the land Silk Road covered the Eurasian continent. In this time and space, the Arab civilization, the ancient Indian civilization, the Persian civilization, the Chinese civilization, Central Asia and Europe share the achievements of science and technology exchange brought about by the land silk road. The exchange of science and technology between china and the west during the land silk road period is an important chapter in the history of human science and technology exchange. Fang's scientific and technological exchanges are subdivided into theoretical and applied science and technology. Theoretical scientific exchanges are mainly focused on physics. Astronomy, mathematics, and applied technology are widely exchanged, mainly represented by papermaking, gunpowder and printing in the four great inventions of China. In addition to smelting, there is more communication between the West and the West in the porcelain making process. It can be found that during the land Silk Road period, the main forms of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West were envoys, business trips, immigrants, wars, and books. In the course of exchange, the West maintained interaction, and the contents of the exchanges formed complementary forms between China and the West. The object of communication is the applied technology, and the scale of theoretical science is relatively small. Judging from the overall impact of communication, China was a technological exporter of science and technology exchange between China and the West during the Silk Road period on land. The history of Central Asia bears the transitional role of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West. During the period of the Arab Empire, the Arab Empire used its advantages in the geographical environment, the government actively absorbed foreign scientific and technological civilization, and made a lot of scientific achievements. As a developed region of science and technology in the Middle Ages, geologically, Europe absorbed a great deal of basic science and applied technology from the Arab region at the end of the Middle Ages, which laid the foundation for the arrival of the modern scientific revolution in Europe. The land Silk Road has made great contributions to the scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West. Today, we learn from history. During the period of the Land Silk Road, scientific and technological exchanges were an important part of the Silk Road. Therefore, the exchange of science and technology between China and the West during the land Silk Road period is also part of the Silk Road, a world cultural heritage. In the process of protecting and developing the Silk Road cultural heritage, We should attach importance to the valuable cultural heritage of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West. Today, China is vigorously developing the Silk Road economic belt, which is a national policy that benefits the countries along the route and benefits mankind. The development of the Silk Road economic belt is the consensus of the people of the countries along the route. Science and technology, as an important aspect of social productive forces, have historically promoted the prosperity of civilization in the countries along the Silk Road. Now we should also create an international environment for peaceful development for the Silk Road, continue to open up more vigorously, strive to build a unified market order, and strengthen the exchange of science, technology and culture in the countries along the route. Make use of the national policy of the Silk Road Economic Belt, make the Silk Road to a new life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K103;N09

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