發(fā)布時間：2018-03-03 02:13

  本文選題：貓櫛首蚤　切入點：生物學(xué)　出處：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：貓櫛首蚤是重要的病媒生物之一,其成蚤的兩性成蟲均吸血。該蚤為世界性廣布種,在我國除了青海、西藏、甘肅等地未見報道,其他各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)均有分布。該蚤的宿主范圍廣,主要是食肉類動物,諸如貓、狗等,偶見于褐家鼠。由于該蚤叮刺吸血可引起人或動物的過敏性皮炎和動物貧血等,又可以傳播漢賽巴爾通體等多種細菌及立克次體、病毒、絳蟲等多種病原菌。因此研究貓櫛首蚤的生物學(xué)特征具有重要的理論和實際意義。本研究以實驗室馴化多年的大白鼠株和小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤及家貓體表采集的貓株貓櫛首蚤為研究對象,以大白鼠、小白鼠、貓為宿主動物代表,探索了溫濕度對貓櫛首蚤成蚤存活時間的影響,研究了交叉供血動物對大白鼠株和小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤卵期、幼蟲期、蛹期的影響,并以孵化率和化蛹率為指標進行評價;同時研究羽化時間及吸血時間對其吸血率和飽血率的影響。通過本研究,從生長發(fā)育和吸血性兩個方面,系統(tǒng)的了解了不同宿主型貓櫛首蚤的生物學(xué)特征,為建立標準化的實驗室種群提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)資料;另一方面對貓櫛首蚤更換供血宿主后的吸血行為變化進行評價,為現(xiàn)場工作的調(diào)查與今后的防治工作提供線索,為今后研究宿主-媒介-相關(guān)傳染病之間的相互關(guān)系提供理論基礎(chǔ)�，F(xiàn)將本研究的結(jié)果總結(jié)如下:1、新羽化的貓櫛首蚤在溫度相同時,隨著相對濕度的增加,存活時間延長;在濕度相同時,溫度越高貓櫛首蚤的存活時間越短;大白鼠株和小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤受溫濕度的影響差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。故貓櫛首蚤對高溫低濕的環(huán)境較敏感,提示在后續(xù)試驗中應(yīng)特別注意環(huán)境溫濕度對貓櫛首蚤的影響。大白鼠株和小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤分別吸大白鼠血和小白鼠血,又進行交叉供血,發(fā)現(xiàn)大白鼠株貓櫛首蚤吸大白鼠血的卵孵化率均較其他三種組合高,且差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(X2=12.857,P=0.005);四種組合的幼蟲化蛹率的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(X2=4.201,P=0.241);小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤吸小白鼠血的蛹期分布規(guī)律與其他三種組合的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(X2=13.474,P=0.0037);四種組合間的卵期(平均2.6±0.8d)、幼蟲期(平均12.4±1.3d)、蛹期(3.7±0.7d)時間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。2、在1d內(nèi)羽化及3、4日齡的大白鼠株與小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤其吸血率差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;2～4日齡的貓櫛首蚤飽血率差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,即大白鼠宿主型貓櫛首蚤:X2=136.206,P0.001;小白鼠宿主型貓櫛首蚤:X2=219.709,P0.001;大白鼠株及小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤的吸血率和飽血率均隨著吸血時間的延長呈遞增趨勢;貓株貓櫛首蚤對3種供血動物的喜好順序為貓大白鼠=小白鼠,大白鼠株貓櫛首蚤為大白鼠貓小白鼠,小白鼠株貓櫛首蚤為小白鼠貓大白鼠。
[Abstract]:Ctenophora tenuifolia is one of the most important vector organisms, and its adult fleas absorb blood. The flea is a cosmopolitan species that has not been reported in other provinces (autonomous regions) except Qinghai, Tibet and Gansu provinces in China. The flea has a wide range of hosts, mainly carnivorous animals such as cats and dogs, which are occasionally found in Rattus norvegicus. As the flea stings blood sucking, it can cause allergic dermatitis and anemia in humans or animals. Can also spread a variety of bacteria, such as Hansebaltonella, Rickettsia, virus, Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the biological characteristics of Ctenophora felis. This study is based on the laboratory domesticated strains of rats and mice, Ctenophora tenuifolia and cats collected on the body surface of domestic cats. A Ctenophora felis strain was used as the research object. The effects of temperature and humidity on the survival time of Ctenopsylla felis were investigated, and the effects of cross blood supplying animals on the egg, larval and pupa stages of Ctenophora tenuifolia were studied. At the same time, the effects of emergence time and blood absorption time on the blood absorption rate and blood satiety rate were studied. In this study, the growth, development and blood absorption rate were studied. The biological characteristics of different host types of Ctenophora ctenophora were systematically understood, and the basic data for the establishment of standardized laboratory population were provided. On the other hand, the changes of bloodsucking behavior of Ctenophora tenuifolia were evaluated after changing the blood supply host. To provide clues for the investigation of the field work and the prevention and control work in the future, The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. When the temperature is the same, the survival time is prolonged with the increase of relative humidity. At the same humidity, the higher the temperature, the shorter the survival time of Ctenophora tenuifolia, but there was no significant difference in temperature and humidity between rats and mice. Therefore, Ctenophora felis was more sensitive to high temperature and low humidity. It was suggested that special attention should be paid to the effect of environmental temperature and humidity on Ctenophora tenuifolia in the follow-up tests. It was found that the egg hatching rate of Ctenopsylla ctenophora was higher than that of the other three combinations. There was no significant difference in pupation rate among the four combinations. There was no significant difference in pupation rate between the four combinations. There was a significant difference in the pupal stage distribution of the pupa between Ctenopsylla tenuifolia and the other three combinations, and there was a significant difference in the pupa period between the four groups. There was no significant difference in egg stage (mean 2.6 鹵0.8 d), larval stage (mean 12.4 鹵1.3 d), pupa stage (3.7 鹵0.7 d). There was no significant difference in the blood absorption rate of Ctenopsylla spp. The difference of full blood rate of ctenophora was statistically significant. In other words, the percentage of blood absorption and full blood of Ctenophora tenuifolia was increased with the prolongation of the time of blood sucking, that is to say, the host type of Ctenophora tenuifolia: X2: 136.206 (P0.001); the host type of Ctenocephalus tenuifolia: X219.709 (P0.001); The order of preference of Ctenocephalus felis to three kinds of blood supplying animals was: cat white rat = small white mouse, cat ctenocephala of big white rat, cat mouse of Ctenocephalus tenuifolia and Ctenocephalus tenuifolia of the little white mouse. The order of preference of the three species of blood supplying animals was as follows: cat white rat = small white mouse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R384.3

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