本文關(guān)鍵詞： 四明山 古夷平面 ASTER-GDEM數(shù)據(jù) 粘土礦物 元素地球化學(xué) 古氣候　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：山地古夷平面是地貌學(xué)重要基礎(chǔ)理論問(wèn)題,其對(duì)地貌演化、構(gòu)造活動(dòng)、高原隆升速率等方面具有重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值。浙江東部的四明山古夷平面于2006年被發(fā)現(xiàn),并被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)東部沿海最寬闊的高海拔夷平面遺跡,這是我國(guó)東部沿海地區(qū)繼遼東半島巖溶夷平面、福建高夷平面、粵北地區(qū)夷平面和華北山地甸子梁期夷平面之后的又一發(fā)現(xiàn),使得該地區(qū)本來(lái)就豐富的地貌景觀資源增添了新的內(nèi)涵,引起了學(xué)術(shù)界和地方政府的重視。根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐貙淤Y料可知,研究區(qū)古夷平面大概形成于晚白堊世至中新世,在這一漫長(zhǎng)的地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定時(shí)期內(nèi),古夷平面頂部形成了厚度不等的古風(fēng)化殼,這為確定古夷平面形成時(shí)期的環(huán)境特征提供了相對(duì)可靠的依據(jù)。前人對(duì)四明山古夷平面的研究主要在景觀特征和成因方面,目前對(duì)古夷平面范圍的具體圈定、古夷平面形成時(shí)期的環(huán)境特征等研究尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此,本研究首次對(duì)古夷平面圈定、古夷平面的形態(tài)特征和古環(huán)境方面展開(kāi)了初步探討。論文是在綜合DEM數(shù)據(jù)(Digital Elevation Model)和ArcGIS分析,野外驗(yàn)證采樣和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試分析基礎(chǔ)上撰寫(xiě)而成,探討了四明山古夷平面的地貌形態(tài)特征和古風(fēng)化殼(古土壤)所反映的古氣候;初步圈定了古夷平面殘留的面積,探討了古夷平面的分布范圍、地勢(shì)起伏度、坡度等形態(tài)特征。并取得以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí):(1)本研究區(qū)北部、中部和南部圈定古夷平面的理想坡度分別為9°、14°和14°,其對(duì)應(yīng)的海拔主要集中分布在490-577m、570-782m和624-867m之間;從古夷平面分布上來(lái)看,北部主要分布在上王崗和大洋山附近;中部主要分布在大嵐鎮(zhèn)和羅成山周圍;南部主要分布在四明山東西兩側(cè),共有8個(gè)小斑塊。古夷平面整體基本與主分水嶺對(duì)稱,且呈不連續(xù)分布,部分區(qū)域保存相對(duì)完好,總面積約 199.5km~2。(2)研究區(qū)古夷平面的坡度與地勢(shì)起伏度具有良好的一致性,其中坡度類型以緩坡和低陡坡為主、地勢(shì)起伏類型以平原和臺(tái)地為主,表明研究區(qū)古夷平面在微觀尺度上起伏度相對(duì)較小,局部有一定的高低起伏。通過(guò)分析研究區(qū)南北向的縱剖面發(fā)現(xiàn),古夷平面的高程分布由南向北逐漸降低,且坡度在1.2°-1.7°之間,結(jié)合研究區(qū)的斷裂構(gòu)造資料可知,古夷平面的變形與破碎均受到區(qū)域構(gòu)造的控制,且NE-SW向斷裂構(gòu)造的控制作用強(qiáng)于近E-W向斷裂構(gòu)造,同時(shí)南部的斷裂構(gòu)造活動(dòng)強(qiáng)于北部。(3)研究區(qū)南嵐剖面(NL)和白玉坪頭剖面(BY)古風(fēng)化殼的粘土礦物數(shù)據(jù)反映出化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用較強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),并且伊利石結(jié)晶程度較差,顯示四明山古夷平面形成時(shí)期的氣候呈暖濕的特點(diǎn)。另外,在兩個(gè)剖面中Ca、Na、K、Mg元素的淋失最為顯著,并伴有Si元素的輕微淋失,亦指示較強(qiáng)的化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用。分析結(jié)果顯示,CIA值、A-CN-K和元素比值等指標(biāo)以及粘土礦物組合特征均指示一種暖濕的古氣候環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The paleoplanation plane of mountainous area is an important basic theory of geomorphology, which has important research value in geomorphologic evolution, tectonic activity and uplift rate of plateau. The paleoplanation plane of Simingshan in eastern Zhejiang was discovered in 2006. It is considered to be the broadest trace of the high elevation planation surface along the eastern coast of China. This is the high planation surface in Fujian Province after the karst planation surface in the Liaodong Peninsula in the eastern coastal area of China. The discovery of the planation plane in the northern Guangdong region and the Liangshiyi plane in the North China mountain region has added new connotations to the already abundant geomorphological landscape resources in this area. According to the local stratigraphic data, the paleo-planation plane in the study area was probably formed from the late Cretaceous to the Miocene, and during this long period of geological stability, The paleo-weathering crust with different thickness formed at the top of the paleo-planation plane, which provides a relatively reliable basis for determining the environmental characteristics of the paleo-planation plane during its formation.The previous researches on the paleo-planation surface of Simingshan mainly focused on the landscape characteristics and causes of formation. At present, no reports have been reported on the specific delineation of the ancient planation surface and the environmental characteristics of the ancient planation surface during the formation of the ancient planation surface. Therefore, this study is the first time to delineate the ancient planation surface. The morphological characteristics and paleoenvironment of the paleo-planation plane were preliminarily discussed. The paper is based on the synthesis of DEM data, digital Elevation model) and ArcGIS analysis, field verification, sampling and experimental test analysis. The geomorphological features of the paleoplanation surface in Siming Mountain and the paleoclimate reflected by the paleo-weathering crust (paleosol) are discussed, and the residual area of the paleo-planation surface is preliminarily delineated, the distribution range of the paleo-planation surface and the relief degree of the paleo-planation surface are discussed. The ideal slope of the paleoplanation surface in the north, middle and south of the study area is 9 擄/ 14 擄and 14 擄respectively, and the corresponding elevation is mainly between 490-577mng 570-782m and 624-867m. The north is mainly located near Upper Wanggang and the Oceanic Mountains; the central part is mainly distributed around Daren Town and Luocheng Mountains; the south is mainly distributed on the east and west sides of the Siming Mountains, with eight small patches. The paleo-planation plane is basically symmetrical to the main watershed. There is a good consistency between the slope of the paleo-planation plane and the relief degree of the topography in the study area, in which the slope types are mainly gentle slope and low steep slope, and some regions are relatively well preserved, and the total area is about 199.5kmm2.2.) the slope of the ancient planation plane in the study area is in good agreement with the relief degree of the terrain. The main types of terrain fluctuation are plain and platform, indicating that the fluctuation degree of paleoplanation in the study area is relatively small on the micro scale, and there are certain high and low fluctuations in the part. It is found by analyzing the longitudinal profile of the north-south direction of the study area, The height distribution of paleoplanation plane decreases gradually from south to north, and the slope is between 1.2 擄-1.7 擄. According to the data of fault structure in the study area, the deformation and fracture of paleoplanation plane are controlled by regional structure. The controlling effect of the NE-SW trending fault structure is stronger than that of the near E-W fault structure. At the same time, the clay mineral data of Nanlan section (NLL) and Baiyupingtou section (BY) of the southern part of the study area are stronger than that of the northern area. The clay mineral data of the paleo-weathering crust reflect the characteristics of strong chemical weathering, and the degree of Illite crystallization is poor. The results show that the climate of the paleo-planation plane in Simingshan is warm and wet. In addition, the leaching loss of the element Ca Na Na Ko mg is the most significant in the two sections, accompanied by the slight leaching of Si. The results show that the CIA values, A-CN-K and element ratios, as well as the characteristics of clay mineral assemblage, indicate a warm and wet paleoclimate environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P532;P931

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