發(fā)布時間：2018-02-21 06:56

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 視頻監(jiān)控 震害快速評估 地震應(yīng)急 GIS 圖像處理 通信保障　出處：《中國地震局蘭州地震研究所》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國城市地區(qū)的人口和經(jīng)濟相對集中,因而也是地震災(zāi)害潛在危險性最高的地區(qū)。地震防災(zāi)、救災(zāi)、減災(zāi)的主體都在城市,所以提高城市現(xiàn)代化的防震減災(zāi)措施,尤其是加強防震減災(zāi)信息化管理系統(tǒng)的研制,對于城市的長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展是必須的。震害評估是防震減災(zāi)的必要措施,它是指調(diào)查和評價因地震而造成的各類工程結(jié)構(gòu)物的破壞、人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟損失,且多指直接經(jīng)濟損失。本論文試圖利用廣泛布設(shè)于城市道路、公共場所、構(gòu)(建)筑物內(nèi)部的視頻監(jiān)控設(shè)備所捕捉到的影像資料,通過一些魯棒性的圖像處理方法,結(jié)合計算機視覺技術(shù)、測震學(xué)、地震工程學(xué)和通信技術(shù),對震時以構(gòu)(建)筑物為代表的一系列工程設(shè)施進行同震監(jiān)測,提供實時的數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果和反饋信息,從而在最大程度上避免地震應(yīng)急指揮的無序性,提高應(yīng)急工作效率。論文首先介紹了新方法的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),即視頻監(jiān)控影像的計算機圖像處理技術(shù)。通過人工目視判讀和計算機圖像分類兩種方法結(jié)合起來,以此獲得監(jiān)視場景內(nèi)的目標(biāo)運動特征及對應(yīng)參數(shù),從而為地震應(yīng)急中震害信息的收集工作和后期構(gòu)(建)筑物的抗震設(shè)計提供數(shù)據(jù)參考。接著集中討論了震害評估的具體方案設(shè)計,針對基于視頻監(jiān)控震害指數(shù)和視頻監(jiān)控圖像分類兩種不同的信息提取方式分別設(shè)計震害快速評估方案。最后,文章通過對比幾種常見震害評估方法,分析了傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)在提取震害信息時的不足之處,并適時提出新方法的解決思路。論文還對新技術(shù)方案的適用地震強度做了進一步的分析。由于新技術(shù)的實現(xiàn)十分依賴穩(wěn)定的通信保障,因此文章還研究了強震對通信設(shè)施的常見破壞情況以及在何等強度下通信設(shè)施不被破壞,或者說破壞后依舊能夠保障前后方信息交流這一重要內(nèi)容,并得到了初步的結(jié)論——VIII±II度。由此可見,理論上新技術(shù)在大震發(fā)生后的應(yīng)用還是非�？煽康�。論文最后針對5·12汶川地震主震,進行了應(yīng)急初期階段災(zāi)區(qū)的震害情況快速評估這一正演模型的試算。該模型簡化了視頻監(jiān)控影響資料的預(yù)處理過程,通過數(shù)據(jù)插值處理,應(yīng)用預(yù)先設(shè)定的算法,驗證得出新方法在5·12汶川地震主震這一實例震害快速評估中的應(yīng)用是可行的這一初步結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The population and economy of urban areas in China are relatively concentrated, so they are also the areas with the highest potential risk of earthquake disasters. The main bodies of earthquake prevention, disaster relief, and disaster reduction are all in cities. In particular, strengthening the development of the information management system for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction is necessary for the long-term and stable development of the city. Earthquake disaster assessment is a necessary measure for earthquake prevention and mitigation, which refers to the investigation and evaluation of the damage to various engineering structures caused by earthquakes. Casualties and economic losses, and more direct economic losses. This paper attempts to make use of the video data captured by the video surveillance equipment which is widely located in urban roads, public places and structures. Through some robust image processing methods, combined with computer vision technology, seismometry, seismic engineering and communication technology, a series of engineering facilities represented by structures (structures) during earthquakes are monitored. Provide real-time data processing results and feedback information, so as to avoid the disorder of earthquake emergency command to the greatest extent, improve the efficiency of emergency response. Firstly, the paper introduces the technical basis of the new method. That is, the computer image processing technology of video surveillance image. By combining two methods, artificial visual interpretation and computer image classification, the target motion characteristics and corresponding parameters in the surveillance scene can be obtained. This provides a data reference for the collection of earthquake disaster information and the seismic design of the post-construction (construction) building in the earthquake emergency response. Then, the concrete scheme design for the earthquake disaster assessment is discussed. Aiming at two different information extraction methods based on video surveillance damage index and video surveillance image classification, the paper designs a fast evaluation scheme of earthquake damage. Finally, this paper compares several common methods of earthquake damage assessment. The shortcomings of traditional technology in extracting earthquake disaster information are analyzed. The paper also makes a further analysis of the suitable seismic intensity of the new technical scheme. Because the realization of the new technology depends on the stable communication guarantee, Therefore, the paper also studies the common damage to communication facilities caused by strong earthquakes and the intensity of which communication facilities are not destroyed, or that the communication facilities can still guarantee the information exchange between the front and rear areas after the destruction. A preliminary conclusion, VIII 鹵II degree, has been obtained. It can be seen that the application of the new technique in theory after the occurrence of a large earthquake is very reliable. Finally, the paper aims at the main shock of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The forward model of rapid assessment of earthquake damage in the early stage of emergency response is calculated. The model simplifies the preprocessing process of the influence data of video surveillance, and applies the pre-set algorithm through data interpolation processing. It is proved that the application of the new method to the rapid assessment of the earthquake damage of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake is feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局蘭州地震研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P315.9

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