本文關(guān)鍵詞： 空間變異 尺度效應(yīng) 多重分形 HYDRUS模型 灌水模式　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在河套灌區(qū)引黃水量大幅減少的背景下,對(duì)河套灌區(qū)土壤空間變異性及水鹽模擬進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)工農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、水資源利用及生態(tài)環(huán)境等各個(gè)方面都具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以河套灌區(qū)永濟(jì)灌域和隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)兩個(gè)尺度為背景,分析土壤顆粒組成、含水率、EC值及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的空間變異性,進(jìn)而通過(guò)土壤水鹽運(yùn)移模型模擬土壤水鹽運(yùn)移過(guò)程,揭示不同質(zhì)地土壤水鹽動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,優(yōu)化灌水調(diào)控模式,研究結(jié)果可為灌區(qū)管理決策提供理論依據(jù)。研究表明,兩個(gè)尺度下,各指標(biāo)的變異系數(shù)介于15.56%～133.05%之間,除隆盛試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度的40～60cm 土層的粘粒含量和0～100cm所有土層的砂粒含量呈強(qiáng)變異性外,其它屬中等變異性;在同一尺度下,土壤粘粒含量、粉粒含量及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的空間變異性隨著土層深度的增加而增加,砂粒含量、含水率及EC值則反之;在不同尺度的同一土層深度,土壤含水率及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的空間變異性為永濟(jì)灌域尺度大于隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度,其它則反之。地統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,永濟(jì)灌域尺度20～40cm 土層的粉粒含量、砂粒含量不存相關(guān)性,其余不同尺度各個(gè)土層的土壤粘粒、粉粒、砂粒含量、含水率及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量屬?gòu)?qiáng)烈的空間相關(guān)性和中等空間相關(guān)性。土壤EC值在隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度呈較強(qiáng)烈的空間相關(guān)性,在永濟(jì)灌域尺度呈弱空間相關(guān)性,40～60cm 土層無(wú)空間相關(guān)性。各指標(biāo)的空間相關(guān)距離皆隨著研究尺度的增大而增大。多重分形分析結(jié)果表明,各指標(biāo)不同尺度不同土層均具明顯的多重分形特征;土壤粘粒含量在隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度全部土層及永濟(jì)灌域尺度40～60cm 土層的空間分布是以小數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)為主,其它土層反之;土壤粉粒和砂粒含量在兩個(gè)尺度不同土層的空間分布均以大數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)為主;含水率在永濟(jì)灌域尺度0～20cm、20～40cm、40～60cm及80～100cm 土層及隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度0～20cm、20～40cm 土層的空間分布以大數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)為主,而其它土層反之;EC值在隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度80～100cm 土層及永濟(jì)灌域尺度20～40cm 土層的空間分布以大數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)為主,其它土層反之;有機(jī)質(zhì)含量?jī)H在隆勝試驗(yàn)區(qū)尺度上0～20cm、20～40cm及80～100cm 土層的空間分布以小數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)為主,其它土層和永濟(jì)灌域尺度全部土層均反之。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,砂壤土的適宜灌水量在玉米生育期為300 mm,秋澆期為150mm;粉砂壤土的適宜灌水量在玉米生育期為330 mm,秋澆期為180mm;粉土的適宜灌水量在玉米生育期為360mm,秋澆期為210mm。
[Abstract]:The spatial variability of soil and the simulation of water and salt in Hetao Irrigation area were studied under the background of large reduction of water diversion from the Yellow River in Hetao Irrigation area, and the economic development of industry and agriculture was also studied. The utilization of water resources and ecological environment are of great practical significance. Based on the two scales of Yongji Irrigation region and Longsheng Experimental area in Hetao Irrigation District, this paper analyzes the composition of soil particles and water content. The spatial variability of EC value and organic matter content, and then simulate the process of soil water and salt migration through soil water and salt migration model, reveal the dynamic changes of soil water and salt in different texture, and optimize irrigation control model. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the management decision of irrigation district. The results show that the coefficient of variation of each index is between 15.56% and 133.05%. Except for the strong variability of clay content in 40cm-60cm soil layer and the sand content in all soil layers of 0 ~ 100cm, the others belong to moderate variability. At the same scale, the spatial variability of soil clay content, silt content and organic matter content increased with the increase of soil depth, while the sand content, moisture content and EC value were reversed. At the same soil depth of different scales, the spatial variability of soil moisture content and organic matter content is that the scale of Yongji irrigation area is larger than the scale of Longsheng experimental area, and the other is the opposite. The geostatistical results show that. There is no correlation between the silt content and the sand content in the irrigation area of Yongji irrigation area, but the clay, silt and sand content in the other soil layers of different scales. Soil EC values showed strong spatial correlation in the scale of Longsheng experimental area and weak spatial correlation in the scale of Yongji irrigation area. There is no spatial correlation in 400-60cm soil layer. The spatial correlation distance of each index increases with the increase of research scale. Multifractal analysis results show that. Each index has obvious multifractal characteristics in different scales and different soil layers. The spatial distribution of soil clay content in all soil layers in Longsheng experimental area and in 4060 cm soil layer in Yongji irrigation area is dominated by small numerical data, whereas the other soil layers are not. The spatial distribution of soil silt and sand content in two different soil layers is dominated by large numerical data. The water content is at the scale of 0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm, 40 ~ 60 cm and 80 ~ 100 cm soil layer in Yongji irrigation area, and the scale is 0 ~ 20 cm in Longsheng experimental area. The spatial distribution of 20 ~ 40cm soil layer is dominated by large numerical data, while other soil layers are not. The spatial distribution of EC value in the scale of 80 ~ 100cm soil layer in Longsheng experimental area and 204cm soil layer in Yongji irrigation area is dominated by large numerical data, whereas the other soil layers are inversely distributed. The spatial distribution of organic matter content on the scale of 0 ~ (20) cm ~ (20) ~ (20) cm ~ (20) ~ (40) cm and 80 ~ (100) cm soil layer is dominated by small numerical data. The numerical simulation results showed that the suitable irrigation amount of sandy loam was 300 mm in maize growth period and 150 mm in autumn. The suitable irrigation amount of silty loam was 330 mm in maize growth period and 180 mm in autumn period. The suitable irrigation amount of silt was 360 mm in maize growth period and 210 mm in autumn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S156.4;S274

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