本文關(guān)鍵詞： 青藏高原東南緣 小江斷裂帶 古地震 滑動(dòng)速率　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：青藏高原東南緣地區(qū)是青藏高原及周緣活動(dòng)構(gòu)造特征最復(fù)雜、強(qiáng)震活動(dòng)性最頻繁的區(qū)域,是青藏高原附近的研究熱點(diǎn)。鮮水河-小江斷裂帶是東南緣地區(qū)重要的邊界斷裂帶,在調(diào)節(jié)區(qū)域構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)揮著重要的作用。而小江斷裂帶位于鮮水河-小江斷裂帶的最南端,位于鮮水河-小江斷裂帶與紅河斷裂帶交匯部位,是了解青藏高原東南緣運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)制的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)。前人對(duì)小江斷裂帶主要的研究工作存在于斷裂帶中、北段,對(duì)于小江斷裂帶南段的研究工作很少。本文擬通過(guò)對(duì)小江斷裂帶南段進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的地質(zhì)地貌研究,并輔以重點(diǎn)地區(qū)的古地震研究和滑動(dòng)速率研究來(lái)對(duì)小江斷裂帶南段晚第四紀(jì)活動(dòng)性進(jìn)行探討,得出的主要結(jié)論有:(1)小江斷裂帶南段從白云、落水洞、放馬坪、龍?zhí)?延伸到山花,并從山花一直往南,通過(guò)牛滾塘西側(cè)山坡穿過(guò)紅河河谷,全長(zhǎng)約70km,總體走向北東20°左右,中間呈略為向東凸出的弧形。遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)上,小江斷裂帶南段的線性特性清楚,表現(xiàn)為一條連續(xù)貫通的、單一的斷裂構(gòu)造。(2)小江斷裂帶南段斷錯(cuò)地貌現(xiàn)象豐富,出露了豐富的構(gòu)造地貌現(xiàn)象,如地表破裂帶、斷層槽谷、斷層陡坎、山脊位錯(cuò)、眉脊面、沖溝位錯(cuò)、斷塞塘等,這些地貌現(xiàn)象表明小江斷裂帶南段強(qiáng)烈的活動(dòng),并具有原地多期次復(fù)發(fā)性。(3)在小江斷裂帶南段進(jìn)行的古地震研究工作,發(fā)現(xiàn)了多次的古地震事件。其中落水洞探槽的古地震事件比較豐富,限定了三次事件,從老到新分別為12491±60 a BP和5627±21 a BP,5627±21 a BP和3908±38 a BP,3908±38 a BP和495±20 a BP。結(jié)合放馬坪地區(qū)的年代結(jié)果,可以限定最新一次事件年代在495±20 a BP和574±36 a BP之間。根據(jù)有關(guān)歷史地震資料,初步判定小江斷裂帶南段最晚一次地震事件發(fā)生在1606年11月30日,宏觀震中位于放馬坪至神仙洞水庫(kù)之間,震級(jí)(M)為7.23-7.65。(4)在龍?zhí)兜貐^(qū)對(duì)典型的位錯(cuò)地貌進(jìn)行滑動(dòng)速率研究,測(cè)得小江斷裂帶南段的晚第四紀(jì)左旋滑動(dòng)速率為7.02±0.20mm/a,與小江斷裂帶中、北段相似,說(shuō)明小江斷裂帶的活動(dòng)性向南不存被NW向斷裂帶阻擋而大幅減小,前人對(duì)小江斷裂帶的活動(dòng)性低估了,小江斷裂帶向南仍是以單一的斷裂調(diào)節(jié)著區(qū)域的順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)作用。通過(guò)本次的研究工作,發(fā)現(xiàn)小江斷裂帶南段是一條活動(dòng)的晚第四紀(jì)斷層,而且其速率7.02±0.20mm/a,遠(yuǎn)大于前人認(rèn)識(shí),同近年來(lái)一些GPS結(jié)果相似。這些GPS結(jié)果中這些滑動(dòng)速率一直向南延伸,并且穿過(guò)紅河斷裂。本次對(duì)從山花往南的遙感影像進(jìn)行解譯,發(fā)現(xiàn)了部分?jǐn)鄬盂E象,大體可以認(rèn)為小江斷裂帶南段沒(méi)有終止于山花,而是繼續(xù)往南穿過(guò)了紅河斷裂帶,作為區(qū)域順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)的東邊界,而不是前人認(rèn)為的在紅河以南以奠邊府?dāng)嗔褞闁|邊界的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The southeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the most complicated area with the most active tectonic characteristics and the most frequent strong earthquake activity on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its periphery. The Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone is an important boundary fault zone in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The Xiaojiang fault zone is located at the southernmost end of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone and at the junction of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone and the Honghe fault zone. It is a key area to understand the kinematic and dynamic mechanism of the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The main research work of the Xiaojiang fault zone is in the northern part of the fault zone. There is little research work on the southern section of Xiaojiang fault zone. This paper intends to carry out a detailed geological and geomorphological study on the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone. The late Quaternary activity of the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone is discussed with paleoseismicity and slip rate studies in key areas. The main conclusions are as follows: the south section of the Xiaojiang fault zone falls from Baiyun to the water tunnel. Fangmaping, Longtan, extending to the mountain flower, and from the mountain flower straight south, through the western slope of Niuliangtang through the red river valley, the total length of about 70 km, the overall northeastward about 20 degrees east. On the remote sensing image data, the linear characteristics of the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone are clear, showing a continuous transfixion. The southern section of Xiaojiang fault zone is rich in fault geomorphology phenomena, such as surface rupture zone, fault trough valley, fault steep ridge, ridge dislocation, eyebrow ridge. These geomorphologic phenomena indicate the strong activity in the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone and the paleoseismological research in the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone. Many paleoearthquake events have been discovered, among which the paleo-seismic events in the trench of the falling water tunnel are abundant, which limit the three events. From old to new, it was 12491 鹵60 BP and 5 627 鹵21 BP, 5627 鹵21 BP and 3908 鹵38 BP, respectively. 3908 鹵38a BP and 495 鹵20a BP. The time of the latest event can be defined between 495 鹵20a BP and 574 鹵36a BP, according to the relevant historical seismic data. It is preliminarily determined that the last earthquake occurred in the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone on November 30th 1606, and the macro epicenter was located between the Yangmaping and Shenxiandong reservoirs. The magnitude M = 7.23-7.65. 4) the slip rate of typical dislocation landforms in Longtan area is studied. The left-lateral slip rate of the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone is 7.02 鹵0.20mm / a in the late Quaternary, which is similar to that in the middle and northern part of the Xiaojiang fault zone. It shows that the activity of Xiaojiang fault zone is not blocked by NW fault zone, and the activity of Xiaojiang fault zone is underestimated. The south of Xiaojiang fault zone is still a single fault regulating the clockwise rotation of the area. Through this research work, it is found that the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone is an active late Quaternary fault. And its velocity is 7.02 鹵0.20mm / a, which is much larger than that known by predecessors, and is similar to some GPS results in recent years, in which the sliding rates have been extending southward. And through the Red River fault. This remote sensing image from Shanhua to the south of the interpretation, found some fault signs, it can be considered that the southern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone did not end in Shanhua. Instead of the previous conclusion that the Fangbianfu fault zone is regarded as the eastern boundary in the south of the Red River, it continues to pass southward through the Red River fault zone as the eastern boundary of the region rotating clockwise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P315.2

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