本文關(guān)鍵詞： 浮游植物 群落結(jié)構(gòu) 黃河口 調(diào)水調(diào)沙事件 環(huán)境因子　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院煙臺(tái)海岸帶研究所》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：河口是連接陸地和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要交錯(cuò)區(qū),由于人類在河流上、中游建造大壩、水渠等蓄水工程,使得河流入海泥沙通量大幅減少,對(duì)河口生態(tài)系統(tǒng)形成顯著影響。本研究基于黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙工程,于2013年4月、6月和7月(調(diào)水調(diào)沙發(fā)生)、9月在黃河口海域,以及2014年5月、9月在萊州灣海域,分別開展了6個(gè)航次的野外調(diào)查工作。收集并檢測(cè)了溫度、鹽度、營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽、葉綠素a以及浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)等參數(shù),利用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法分析了浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)以及生物量與環(huán)境因子之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)比了調(diào)水調(diào)沙前后黃河口及其臨近海域環(huán)境因子的變化,以及浮游植物群落的響應(yīng)特征。研究結(jié)果不僅有助于闡明黃河調(diào)水調(diào)沙事件對(duì)鄰近海域浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,而且可以為保護(hù)黃河口及萊州灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康提供基礎(chǔ)資料與理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果表明:黃河口海域環(huán)境因子的時(shí)空變化特征:調(diào)水調(diào)沙前(4月份),平均溫度和鹽度分別為8.01°C和26.2,高溫低鹽分布在黃河口北部海域;營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明,不存在溶解性無機(jī)氮(DIN)限制,但存在溶解性無機(jī)磷(DIP)限制和溶解性硅酸鹽(DSi)限制。調(diào)水調(diào)沙后(6、7、9月份),平均海水溫度7月份最高(25.2°C),平均鹽度值7月份最低(20.8),低鹽區(qū)域主要出現(xiàn)在鄰近河口近岸海域;營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明,不存在DIN限制,但存在DIP限制,DSi限制只在6月份河口西北部的海域內(nèi)出現(xiàn)。浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)空變化特征:調(diào)水調(diào)沙前,共鑒定出42種浮游植物,優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要是具槽帕拉藻;細(xì)胞總豐度為1.65×105 cells/L,分布較為平均;浮游植物多樣性指數(shù)(H′)平均值為1.14,高值主要分布在黃河口西北方向海域;葉綠素a的平均濃度為2.98μg/L,高值主要分布在黃河口西南方向海域。調(diào)水調(diào)沙后,3個(gè)月分別鑒定出95、100、56種浮游植物,受鹽度變化影響,6、7月份優(yōu)勢(shì)種中除硅藻類增加了綠藻類(衣藻和柵藻),9月份優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要是圓篩藻;細(xì)胞總豐度6月份最高(27.0×105 cells/L),高值主要分布在河口東北方向海域;H′平均值最高出現(xiàn)在7月份(3.05),高值主要分布在河口正北海域;葉綠素a的平均濃度在9月份達(dá)到最高(15.5μg/L),高值主要分布在黃河口西北以及東南方向海域。通過浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(CCA),發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)水調(diào)沙前,溫度、din、dip是影響浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因子;調(diào)水調(diào)沙后,鹽度、dsi、dip是影響浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因子。對(duì)比調(diào)水調(diào)沙前后環(huán)境因子與浮游植物群落的時(shí)空變化特征可知,實(shí)施調(diào)水調(diào)沙,使得調(diào)查海域鹽度有明顯的降低,硅限制得到有效緩解;浮游植物生物量和多樣性指數(shù)都有所提升,其中淡水藻類由于鹽度的降低而增多,削弱了硅藻的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),使硅藻在物種組成中所占比例約降低了30%,空間上淡水藻有向河口東南部萊州灣海域方向分布趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)而,通過對(duì)萊州灣區(qū)域的調(diào)查,進(jìn)一步探究調(diào)水調(diào)沙前后,環(huán)境條件變化對(duì)整個(gè)海灣的影響。萊州灣海域環(huán)境因子的時(shí)空變化特征:調(diào)水調(diào)沙前(5月份),平均溫度和鹽度分別為14.8°c和27.9,低鹽區(qū)域分布在黃河口與小清河河口之間海域;營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明,不存在din限制,僅1個(gè)站位存在dip的相對(duì)限制,但80%的站位存在dsi限制。調(diào)水調(diào)沙后(9月份),平均溫度和鹽度值分別為25.8°c和28.7,低鹽區(qū)域分布在黃河口與小清河河口之間海域;營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明,不存在din限制,86.7%的站位存在dip的相對(duì)限制,僅有1個(gè)站位存在dsi限制。浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)空變化特征:調(diào)水調(diào)沙前,共鑒定出87種浮游植物,優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要是舟形藻;細(xì)胞總豐度為1.80×105cells/l,高值區(qū)分布在灣中底部海域;h′平均值為2.47,高值主要分布在灣口海域;葉綠素a的平均濃度為4.62μg/l,高值主要分布在小清河河口海域。調(diào)水調(diào)沙后,共鑒定出112種浮游植物,優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要是硅藻類,種類較多但無優(yōu)勢(shì)度突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)種;細(xì)胞總豐度為3.40×105cells/l,高值區(qū)分布在灣邊緣沿岸海域;h′平均值為3.28,高值主要分布在黃河口與小清河河口之間海域;葉綠素a的平均濃度為4.35μg/l,高值主要分布在白浪河以及膠萊河河口海域。通過浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(cca),發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)水調(diào)沙前,溫度、din、dip是影響浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因子;調(diào)水調(diào)沙后,dsi、dip是影響浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因子。對(duì)比調(diào)水調(diào)沙前后環(huán)境因子與浮游植物群落的時(shí)空變化特征可知,實(shí)施調(diào)水調(diào)沙,未造成鹽度的變化,dsi的補(bǔ)充使dsi限制得到緩解,浮游植物生物量和多樣性指數(shù)有所提高。總體來看:調(diào)水調(diào)沙不僅影響黃河口海域,也影響到萊州灣海域。該事件發(fā)生后黃河水沙可影響黃河口的西北部到萊州灣灣底的海域,影響可以持續(xù)到9月份。
[Abstract]:The estuary is an important ecotone between land and marine ecosystems, due to human beings in the river, the middle reaches of dams, canals and other water storage projects, making the river sediment fluxes significantly reduced, the formation of significant effects on the estuarine ecosystem. This research project of sand and water diversion based on the Yellow River, in April 2013, June and July (water diversion in September, Sha) occurs in the estuary of Yellow River, and in May 2014, September in Laizhou bay were carried out 6 cruises of the field investigation work. Collection and detection of temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community structure parameters, the use of statistical methods to analyze the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and biological quantity and environmental factors, and compare the change before and after the water and sand diversion Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas and the environmental factors, phytoplankton community response characteristics. The research results can not only help. Ming the Yellow River water sediment regulation event on phytoplankton community structure in the adjacent waters, and can provide the basic data and the theoretical basis for the protection of the Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay ecosystem health. The research results show that the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of Yellow River Estuary environmental factors: water and sediment regulation before (April), the average temperature and salinity were 8.01 C and 26.2 degrees, high temperature and low salinity distribution in the northern waters of the Yellow River Estuary; nutrient analysis showed that the structure does not exist, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), but the presence of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved silicate (DSi). The water sediment regulation after (6,7,9 months), the average sea temperature the highest in July (25.2 degrees C), the average salinity lowest in July (20.8), low salt area mainly occurred in the adjacent estuary; nutrient structure analysis shows that, without limitation of DIN, but the DIP limit, DSi Limited in June West estuary Northern area. Temporal and spatial variation of phytoplankton community structure: water and sediment regulation, we identified 42 species of phytoplankton, the dominant species is mainly paralia sulcata algae; total cell abundance was 1.65 * 105 cells/L distribution is average; phytoplankton diversity index (H ') the average value is 1.14, high value the main distribution area in the Yellow River Estuary northwest; chlorophyll a average concentration is 2.98 g/L, the high value is mainly distributed in the Yellow River estuary waters southwest. The water sediment regulation after 3 months were identified 95100,56 species of phytoplankton, affected by salinity changes, 6,7 month in addition to dominant species of diatoms increased algae (Chlamydomonas and in September, Scenedesmus) is the dominant species of Coscinodiscus; total cell abundance was highest in June (27 * 105 cells/L), high value is mainly distributed in the Northeast sea estuary; H' average value is the highest in July (3.05), a high value is mainly distributed in the estuary The North Sea; chlorophyll a concentrations reached the highest in September (15.5 g/L), high values are mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast area. Canonical correspondence analysis the correlation between phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors (CCA), found that before the water sediment regulation, temperature, DIN, dip are the main factors that influence the phytoplankton community structure; regulation of water and sediment, salinity, DSI, dip is the main factor affecting the structure of phytoplankton community. Contrast before and after the water and sediment environmental factors and phytoplankton community characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of the implementation of the regulation of water and sediment, the salinity in the survey had significantly decreased, effectively alleviate the silicon limitation of phytoplankton; the biomass and diversity index are improved, the freshwater algae increased due to the decrease of salinity, weaken the competitive advantage of the diatom diatom, about 3 in the occupied proportion of reduced species composition 0%, the space distribution of freshwater algae to the southeast direction of estuarine waters of the Gulf of Laizhou trend. Furthermore, through the investigation of the Laizhou Bay area, to further explore the regulation of water and sediment before and after effects of the environmental conditions of the bay. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of Laizhou Bay Environmental factors: water and sediment regulation before (May). The average temperature and salinity were 14.8 ~ C and 27.9, the regional distribution in the low salt waters between the Huanghe and the Xiaoqing River Estuary; nutrient structure analysis shows that, there is no DIN limit, only 1 stations are relatively limited dip, but 80% of the stations are DSI. The water sediment regulation after (September), average temperature and salinity values were 25.8 ~ C and 28.7, the regional distribution in the low salt waters between the Huanghe and the Xiaoqing River Estuary; nutrient structure analysis shows that, without limitation of DIN, 86.7% of the stations there is relatively limited dip, only 1 stations are planktonic DSI limit. Temporal and spatial variation of plant community structure: water and sediment regulation, we identified 87 species of phytoplankton, the dominant species is mainly Navicula; total cell abundance was 1.80 * 105cells/l and the distribution of high value area at the bottom of the Gulf waters; H 'average value is 2.47, the high value area is mainly distributed in the mouth of the Bay; the average chlorophyll the concentration of a is 4.62 g/l, the high values are mainly distributed in the Xiaoqing River Estuary. The water sediment regulation, we identified 112 species of phytoplankton, the dominant species were mainly diatoms, dominant species but no more prominent dominance; total cell abundance was 3.40 * 105cells/l, the high value area of distribution in the edge of the Bay coastal waters; H' average value is 3.28, the high value is mainly distributed at the area between the Yellow River and Xiaoqinghe estuary; chlorophyll a average concentration is 4.35 g/l, the high values are mainly distributed in the river and Jiaolai River Estuary. The phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors The correlation and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), found that before the water sediment regulation, temperature, DIN, dip is the main factor affecting the structure of phytoplankton community; water sediment regulation, DSI, dip is the main factor affecting the structure of phytoplankton community. Contrast before and after the water and sediment environmental factors and phytoplankton community characteristics of temporal and spatial variation the implementation of the regulation of water and sediment, caused no changes in salinity, DSI supplement to DSI restrictions eased, phytoplankton biomass and diversity index increased. Overall: water sediment regulation not only affects the Yellow River mouth, but also affect the waters of the Gulf of Laizhou. After the incident in the Yellow River in northwest water sand effect to the end of the Gulf of Laizhou Bay waters, can last until September.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院煙臺(tái)海岸帶研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

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