本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高密度電法 電容耦合式電阻率法 地震散射法 地球物理考古技術(shù) 大遺址 南方潮濕地區(qū)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地球物理考古技術(shù)以考古目標(biāo)體與周圍土壤介質(zhì)的物性差異為基礎(chǔ),用專門的設(shè)備儀器采集這些異常場數(shù)據(jù),然后分析異常的特征,從而推斷地下考古目標(biāo)體的位置、大小、深度、形態(tài)等特征,具有無損、高效、經(jīng)濟、可探測深度大等諸多優(yōu)點,正好滿足了大遺址考古的需要。然而,地球物理方法也面臨著適用性和多解性的問題,同樣的考古遺存不同的地球物理方法有不一樣的應(yīng)用效果;同樣的地球物理方法,在不同的考古遺存亦有不同的地球物理響應(yīng)特征,因此需要具體遺址具體分析。地處南方潮濕地區(qū)的大遺址,具有面積大的特點,氣候潮濕多雨,地質(zhì)條件和地表條件都不同于北方干旱地區(qū),對調(diào)查效率和效果有更高的要求,更是面臨地球物理考古技術(shù)的適用性、有效性、采集效率等問題。本文以南方潮濕地區(qū)典型的大遺址—廣西合浦漢墓群遺址和杭州吳越國捍海塘遺址作為勘探目標(biāo),結(jié)合兩處遺址的地質(zhì)環(huán)境和地表特點,在廣西合浦漢墓群遺址針對性地使用了高密度電法開展調(diào)查研究,在杭州吳越國捍海塘遺址選擇性地使用了電容耦合式電阻率法和地震散射法勘探,從而用三種地球物理考古技術(shù)在不同的大遺址上開展了相應(yīng)的考古調(diào)查研究。研究結(jié)果表明,高密度電法能很好地適應(yīng)廣西合浦漢墓群的調(diào)查,在多個測區(qū)探測結(jié)果與考古隊初步的鉆探結(jié)果相比較,基本能夠吻合.,且能較好地識別出一些成規(guī)模的結(jié)構(gòu),如墓室、墓道等漢墓結(jié)構(gòu)。電容耦合式電阻率法對大石塊等高阻目標(biāo)體具有較好的敏感性,對于捍海塘的探測效果比較好,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的高效采集,極大提高了大遺址地球物理調(diào)查的效率,同時,無須在地表插置電極的特點,更讓電容耦合式電阻率法在城市硬地表條件無法插置電極的情況下大顯身手,更加體現(xiàn)出了電容耦合式電阻率法的優(yōu)越性。地震散射法配合使用免插拔檢波器,在杭州吳越國捍海塘的調(diào)查中亦表現(xiàn)出了很好的應(yīng)用效果,對大石塊高速體有較好的敏感性,并能大體分辨出海塘的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)特征,是具有非常廣闊應(yīng)用前景的地球物理考古技術(shù)。至此,初步研究了南方潮濕地區(qū)大遺址的地質(zhì)環(huán)境和地表條件給地球物理考古調(diào)查帶來的適用性、有效性等問題。
[Abstract]:The geophysical archaeological technique is based on the difference of physical properties between the archaeological object and the surrounding soil media. The data of these anomalous fields are collected by special equipment and the characteristics of the anomalies are analyzed. It is concluded that the location, size, depth, shape and other characteristics of the underground archaeological object have many advantages, such as non-destructive, efficient, economical, detectable depth, and so on, which meet the archaeological needs of the great archaeological site. Geophysical methods also face the problem of applicability and multi-solution, the same archaeological remains of different geophysical methods have different application effects; The same geophysical method also has different geophysical response characteristics in different archaeological remains, so it needs specific site analysis. The climate is wet and rainy, the geological conditions and the surface conditions are different from the arid areas in the north, there are higher requirements for the efficiency and effect of the investigation, but also facing the applicability and effectiveness of geophysical archaeological technology. Collection efficiency and other problems. This paper takes the site of Han Tomb Group in Hepu, Guangxi, and the site of Guohuanghaitang in Wuyue, Hangzhou, as exploration targets, and combines the geological environment and surface characteristics of the two sites. High-density electrical method was used to investigate the site of Han Tomb Group in Hepu, Guangxi, and the capacitive coupled resistivity method and seismic scattering method were selectively used to explore the site in Wuyue and Guohaitang, Hangzhou. Three kinds of geophysical archaeological techniques were used to carry out the corresponding archaeological investigation on different large sites. The results show that the high-density electrical method can be well adapted to the investigation of Han tombs in Hepu, Guangxi. Compared with the preliminary drilling results of the archaeological team, the results of exploration in several survey areas are basically consistent with each other, and some structures of large scale, such as tombs, can be well identified. The capacitance coupled resistivity method has a good sensitivity to high resistance objects such as large stones, and has a better detection effect on defending seawall, and can achieve high efficiency data collection. It greatly improves the efficiency of geophysical survey of large sites, and at the same time, it does not need to insert the characteristics of electrodes on the surface, so that the capacitive coupled resistivity method can not be inserted in the case of urban hard surface conditions. It also shows the superiority of the capacitive coupled resistivity method. The seismic scattering method combined with the use of non-plugged geophone has also shown a good application effect in the investigation of defending the seawall in Wuyue State of Hangzhou. It is a geophysical archaeological technique with a wide application prospect, which has good sensitivity to large rock high-speed bodies and can roughly distinguish the shape and structure characteristics of seawall. The applicability and validity of geophysical archaeological investigation caused by geological environment and surface conditions of large sites in humid areas of southern China are studied preliminarily.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878;P631

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