本文關(guān)鍵詞：渾善達(dá)克沙地3種治理模式植被恢復(fù)效益分析　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 渾善達(dá)克沙地 治理模式 飛播 圍封 生物沙障 優(yōu)化建議

【摘要】：渾善達(dá)克沙地的治理對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境有著重要的意義,植被恢復(fù)是防止其沙地?cái)U(kuò)張和緩解沙塵暴危害的有效途徑。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)渾善達(dá)克沙地治理模式資料收集和植被恢復(fù)效益調(diào)查,總結(jié)出適合渾善達(dá)克沙地不同立地類型的3種植被恢復(fù)模式:飛播模式、圍封模式和設(shè)置生物沙障模式,對(duì)各模式下群落植被恢復(fù)狀況進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:在沙地面積較為集中,植被蓋度約為10%的平緩沙地或退化草場(chǎng)適合進(jìn)行飛播造林。在飛播9a時(shí)群落物種數(shù)、平均高度、蓋度、密度和地上生物量總體達(dá)到最大值,分別為68種、200.39cm、81.33%、85.31株/m2和1051g/m2;多年生植物比例在9a時(shí)也達(dá)到最大值,為57.4%;群落多樣性和豐富度增大,群落結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,群落穩(wěn)定性增大。植被蓋度在10%～15%的退化沙化草地適合進(jìn)行圍封模式。與對(duì)照區(qū)相比,群落的物種數(shù)、群落平均高度、蓋度、密度和地上生物量在圍封12a均達(dá)到最大值,分別為39種、125.33cm、72.7%、196.92株/m2和315.24g/m2;多年生植物比例最大值也出現(xiàn)于圍封12a,為60.4%;群落多樣性和豐富度指數(shù)增大,優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)降低。植被蓋度在10%以下的流動(dòng)沙丘及風(fēng)沙嚴(yán)重、植被稀少地帶適合設(shè)置生物沙障。在設(shè)置沙障6a時(shí),物種數(shù)、群落蓋度和密度達(dá)到最大,分別為22種、53.3%和45株/m2;在10a時(shí)群落高度和地上生物量達(dá)到最大,分別為173.37cm和581g/m2;多年生植物比例在6a時(shí)達(dá)最大,為45.5%;群落多樣性和豐富度增加,優(yōu)勢(shì)現(xiàn)象較為明顯。不同立地類型采取不同恢復(fù)措施會(huì)取得良好的植被效益。沙區(qū)情況復(fù)雜,單獨(dú)運(yùn)用某一種模式不能很全面的治理,在不同時(shí)期不同條件下,多種模式搭配使用,可以快速達(dá)到較好的植被恢復(fù)效果。同時(shí)后期的管護(hù)對(duì)維持植被的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也有著重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The management of Hunshandak sandy land is of great significance to the local ecological environment. Vegetation restoration is an effective way to prevent the spread of sandy land and mitigate the harm of sandstorm. This study investigated the benefits of vegetation restoration by collecting data on the management model of Hunshandake sandy land. Three models of planting restoration were summarized, which were suitable for different site types of Hunshandak sandy land: aerial seeding mode, enclosure mode and biological sand barrier model. The vegetation restoration status of community was analyzed under different models. The results showed that the area of sandy land was more concentrated. The flat sandy land or degraded grassland with a vegetation coverage of about 10% was suitable for aerial afforestation. After 9 years of aerial seeding, the species number, average height, coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the community reached the maximum. There were 68 species (200.39 cm ~ (-1)), 85.31 / m ~ (2) and 1051 g / m ~ (2), respectively. The proportion of perennial plants also reached the maximum at 9 years, 57.4%. The diversity and richness of the community increased, the structure of the community was complex, and the stability of the community was increased. The degraded desertification grassland with vegetation coverage of 10% or 15% was suitable for the enclosure model. Compared with the control area, the species number of the community was higher. The average height, coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the community reached the maximum at 12 years after enclosure, which were respectively 125.33 cm ~ (-1) (72.7%) of 39 species. 196.92 strains / m2 and 315.24g / m2; The maximum proportion of perennial plants also appeared in the enclosure for 12 years, which was 60.4; The diversity and richness index of community increased and the dominance index decreased. The moving sand dunes with vegetation coverage below 10% were serious, and it was suitable to set up biological sand barrier in the vegetation sparse area, and when the sand barrier was set up for 6 years. Species number, community coverage and density were the highest, which were 53.3% of 22 species and 45 / m2 of plants respectively. The community height and aboveground biomass were 173.37 cm and 581 g / m ~ (2), respectively. The proportion of perennial plants reached the highest at 6 years (45.5%). The diversity and richness of the community increased, the dominant phenomenon was obvious. Different site types of different restoration measures will achieve good vegetation benefits. The situation in sandy areas is complex. A single use of a model can not be very comprehensive governance, in different periods of time and different conditions, a variety of models with use. At the same time, the management and protection in the later stage also play an important role in maintaining the sustainable development of vegetation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

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