本文關(guān)鍵詞：艾比湖濕地景觀格局變化與生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值關(guān)系研究　出處：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：濕地是介于水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的過(guò)度型生態(tài)系統(tǒng),不僅具有調(diào)蓄水源、凈化水質(zhì)等生態(tài)功能,同時(shí)在維護(hù)區(qū)域生態(tài)平衡和生境安全,維持生物多樣性等方面也發(fā)揮著重要作用。本文研究區(qū)艾比湖濕地屬干旱內(nèi)陸湖泊,已成為新疆繼塔里木河流域之后第二大生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),艾比湖濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡劣已嚴(yán)重威脅到天山北坡經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和亞歐大陸橋新疆段社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。干旱內(nèi)陸湖泊濕地的景觀格局變化和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)具有多樣性、典型性等特點(diǎn),但由于干旱區(qū)內(nèi)陸湖泊的濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生物生產(chǎn)量相對(duì)較低,易被忽視,對(duì)其定量評(píng)估的相關(guān)研究報(bào)道也較少。究其干旱內(nèi)陸湖泊濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為人類(lèi)提供了多大規(guī)模的服務(wù),以及生態(tài)服務(wù)與景觀格局變化間的關(guān)系又如何?為此,本文以新疆艾比湖濕地為靶區(qū),通過(guò)解譯分析2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年遙感數(shù)據(jù),基于景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論和千年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評(píng)估體系,將研究區(qū)劃分為11種景觀類(lèi)型,從物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品、防風(fēng)固沙、土壤保持和固碳釋氧四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)評(píng)價(jià)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)景觀類(lèi)型動(dòng)態(tài)度變化方面:2010~2015年各景觀類(lèi)型面積年際間增加波動(dòng)較大,表明2010年以后艾比湖濕地各景觀類(lèi)型受自然、人為等交互干擾作用強(qiáng)烈,以建設(shè)用地景觀、灘地景觀和沼澤地景觀表現(xiàn)最為顯著。(2)景觀指數(shù)變化方面:2000~2010年,艾比湖濕地各景觀類(lèi)型的斑塊個(gè)數(shù)除草地、灘地、沙地和鹽堿地外,其余各景觀類(lèi)型的斑塊個(gè)數(shù)均表現(xiàn)出不同程度地增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),2010~2015年,除灘地、建設(shè)用地、沼澤地和裸巖地四類(lèi)景觀斑塊個(gè)數(shù)表現(xiàn)為增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)外,其余各景觀類(lèi)型的斑塊個(gè)數(shù)呈遞減趨勢(shì)。景觀斑塊密度除沙地景觀外在15a間均呈現(xiàn)出不同程度地增加趨勢(shì),尤以旱地農(nóng)田景觀最顯著。(3)景觀格局轉(zhuǎn)移分析方面:2000~2005年,水體景觀、鹽堿地景觀和沙地景觀面積大幅減少,主要轉(zhuǎn)向林地景觀和灘地景觀;2005~2010年,水體景觀、林地景觀和草地景觀面積大幅減少,主要轉(zhuǎn)向?yàn)┑鼐坝^;2010~2015年,鹽堿地景觀、灘地景觀和草地景觀面積大幅減少,主要轉(zhuǎn)向旱地農(nóng)田景觀。(4)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)物質(zhì)量方面:2000~2015年,防風(fēng)固沙量以旱地農(nóng)田景觀增長(zhǎng)最顯著;土壤保持量以旱地農(nóng)田景觀、草地景觀和鹽堿地景觀居首,其中2000年以草地景觀的土壤保持量最大,之后均以旱地農(nóng)田景觀的土壤保持量最大;固碳釋氧量以草地景觀和鹽堿地景觀居首,二者固碳釋氧量占各景觀類(lèi)型固碳釋氧總和的46%以上,建設(shè)用地景觀和水體景觀固碳釋氧量最少。(5)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值量方面:各景觀類(lèi)型的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值總量以旱地農(nóng)田景觀占主導(dǎo),占各景觀類(lèi)型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值總量的49.97%;其次為鹽堿地景觀、草地景觀和沙地景觀;2000~2015年艾比湖濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值結(jié)構(gòu)中,物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品價(jià)值所占比重呈顯著上升趨勢(shì),由2000年的16%上升至2015年的57%,上升了3.56倍。
[Abstract]:Wetland is an ecological system between aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem, not only has the storage water, water purification and ecological function, while maintaining regional ecological balance and habitat security, maintaining biodiversity and also play an important role. The research area of Ebinur Lake Wetland belongs to arid inland lakes, has become Xinjiang after the Tarim River Basin in second ecological fragile zone, ecological environment in Ebinur Lake Wetland bad AI has been a serious threat to the sustainable development of the economic belt on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and the Eurasian Continental Bridge section of Xinjiang economic and social services. The changes of landscape pattern and ecological system in arid inland lake wetland has the typical characteristics of diversity, etc., but because the production biological quantity of wetland ecosystem in arid areas of the lake are relatively low, easy to be ignored, the related research reports on the quantitative evaluation are rare. The arid inland lake Park wetland ecosystem provides many large-scale services for human beings, and the relationship between ecosystem services and landscape pattern change between how? For this, this paper takes Xinjiang Ebinur Lake wetland as a target area, through the interpretation and analysis of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 remote sensing data, the theory of landscape ecology and the Millennium ecosystem assessment system based on. The study area is divided into 11 landscape types, from the material products, windbreak and sand fixation, soil conservation and carbon fixation and oxygen release in four aspects of evaluation of ecosystem services. The results show that: (1) the dynamic change of landscape type: 2010~2015 area of different landscape types increased interannual fluctuations, shows that after the 2010 the landscape types of the Ebinur Lake wetland natural, man-made interference with strong interaction, construction land landscape, the landscape and the Everglades landscape was the most significant. (2) the landscape index change: 2000~201 0 years, the number of patches of different landscape types in Ebinur Lake Wetland in grassland, beach, Sandy and saline land, the number of patches of the rest of the landscape types showed different growth trend, 2010~2015 years, in addition to beach land, construction land, marsh and bare rock show four types of landscape patch number as the growth trend, the number of plaque presenting the rest of the landscape. The landscape patch density decreased in 15A between the external sandy landscape showed different degrees of increase, especially in the dry farmland landscape is the most significant. (3) the transfer of landscape pattern analysis: the water landscape, 2000~ 2005, saline alkali soil and sandy landscape landscape the area is greatly reduced, mainly to woodland landscape and beach landscape; 2005~2010, water landscape, forest landscape and grassland area decreased, mainly to the landscape; 2010~2015, saline bottomland landscape, landscape and grassland landscape Product is greatly reduced, mainly to farmland landscape. (4) ecosystem service quality: 2000~2015, the amount of farmland windbreak to landscape the most significant growth; quantity of soil conservation to farmland landscape, grassland landscape and saline landscape first, which in 2000 to grassland landscape of soil conservation is the largest, after all to farmland landscape soil conservation quantity; carbon fixation and oxygen release of grassland landscape and saline landscape topped two, carbon fixation and oxygen release of different landscape types accounted for more than 46% of the total carbon fixation and oxygen release, construction land landscape and water landscape of carbon fixation and oxygen release at least. (5) the ecosystem service value quantity the total ecosystem service value of different landscape types in farmland landscape dominated, accounted for a total of each type of landscape ecosystem service value of 49.97%; followed by saline grassland landscape, landscape and landscape of sand; 2000~2015 In the year of Ebinur lake ecosystem service value structure, the proportion of material product value increased significantly from 16% in 2000 to 57% in 2015, which increased 3.56 times.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P901

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