本文關(guān)鍵詞：地理信息技術(shù)支持的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間優(yōu)化　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò) 城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部 最短成本路徑 空間連接度評價(jià)體系 CA-Markov模型 常州市新北區(qū)

【摘要】：目前,隨著我國城市化進(jìn)程的加快,城市不斷涌入農(nóng)業(yè)人口,造成城市規(guī)模和數(shù)量激增,城市生態(tài)環(huán)境問題頻發(fā),對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了很大的阻礙。景觀生態(tài)格局是區(qū)域景觀的生態(tài)過程的反映,合理的景觀生態(tài)格局能夠使生態(tài)環(huán)境的不確定性降低或生態(tài)環(huán)境得到改善,而不合理的景觀生態(tài)格局會造成一系列問題如城市洪災(zāi)、氣候變暖、環(huán)境破壞等。根據(jù)城市景觀生態(tài)學(xué)中的"基質(zhì)-斑塊-廊道"理論,科學(xué)識別構(gòu)建研究區(qū)生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間,并對其評價(jià)分級和優(yōu)化,從而使生態(tài)環(huán)境功能的完整性和連續(xù)性得到提升。利用生態(tài)過程來優(yōu)化城市景觀格局是一個(gè)頗有前景、嶄新的研究方向,但是目前這方面的研究缺少可靠的手段方法并且研究有一定難度。當(dāng)前,城市內(nèi)部建設(shè)用地連片度較高,而生態(tài)用地連通度較低,所以城市景觀生態(tài)格局規(guī)劃應(yīng)以提高生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)化為目標(biāo),有效補(bǔ)充傳統(tǒng)城市生態(tài)規(guī)劃。為彌補(bǔ)過去學(xué)者往往通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)評價(jià)城市生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)狀、定性提出優(yōu)化建議的不足,本文選取常州市新北區(qū)為研究區(qū),采用定性和定量結(jié)合的方法,依次識別各生態(tài)要素,并對生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接度強(qiáng)弱分布情況進(jìn)行空間上的評價(jià)與分級,從而找出優(yōu)化重點(diǎn),基于此采用CA-Marcov模型和GIS技術(shù)對生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)深入優(yōu)化。最后生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)連接度和功能連接度均得到提高,生態(tài)源地、生態(tài)廊道和關(guān)鍵生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)間的空間聯(lián)系得到加強(qiáng),景觀生態(tài)格局的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展得到維持,從而形成生態(tài)功能完整、生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通的理想景觀生態(tài)格局。本文研究成果為中小尺度區(qū)域的城市規(guī)劃和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)提供理論指導(dǎo)和科學(xué)支持。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)城市生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間識別與構(gòu)建首先利用最小累積阻力模型對區(qū)域生態(tài)適宜性進(jìn)行分區(qū),基于此確定其他生態(tài)要素。生態(tài)源的識別通過選取符合面積要求的林地、水域、灘涂和風(fēng)景區(qū);生態(tài)廊道的識別通過選取區(qū)域植被指數(shù)(NDVI)、水體指數(shù)(MNDWI)以及建筑指數(shù)(NDBI)三個(gè)因子來建立物種遷移阻抗表面,然后運(yùn)用最短路徑法提取生態(tài)廊道;接著提取生態(tài)廊道的交點(diǎn)作為關(guān)鍵生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn);最終構(gòu)建研究區(qū)域常州市新北區(qū)的生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。結(jié)果顯示:生態(tài)基質(zhì)根據(jù)保護(hù)程度不同劃分為四個(gè)等級的區(qū)域;生態(tài)源包含林地、水域、灘涂和風(fēng)景區(qū)四類,研究區(qū)西南部、東南部和中部生態(tài)源地分布較為稀疏,斑塊面積小,數(shù)量較少;生態(tài)廊道共45條;關(guān)鍵生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)共有23個(gè),主要集中在新北區(qū)的北部。(2)城市生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間分析與定級首先對各生態(tài)源形狀指數(shù)大小及空間分布情況、各生態(tài)源和生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)度數(shù)大小及空間分布情況進(jìn)行分析;將研究區(qū)四類景觀生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)γ、α、β指數(shù)的計(jì)算值作為各生態(tài)廊道的屬性值,等權(quán)重加和各廊道屬性值得到綜合指數(shù),新北區(qū)現(xiàn)狀各生態(tài)廊道連接度的大小從而得到展示;然后根據(jù)上述連接度評價(jià)結(jié)果分別對生態(tài)源、生態(tài)廊道和生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分級;最后利用轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣和生態(tài)用地動態(tài)度評價(jià)模型分析土地利用轉(zhuǎn)出、轉(zhuǎn)入地類分布情況以及生態(tài)用地變化幅度與速度特征。分析結(jié)果顯示:各類生態(tài)源地形狀指數(shù)較小,形狀簡單,與周圍各類用地邊緣接觸部分較小,與外界地物聯(lián)系緊密度較差;生態(tài)廊道穿過水域與風(fēng)景區(qū)的條數(shù)較多,穿過林地、灘涂與多數(shù)生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)的條數(shù)較少,各個(gè)類別的源地都存在0條廊道穿過的情況;新北區(qū)空間生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)北部與南部的現(xiàn)有生態(tài)廊道連接度較小,中部偏南部的現(xiàn)有生態(tài)廊道連接度中等,中部偏北部的現(xiàn)有生態(tài)廊道連接度較強(qiáng);根據(jù)評價(jià)結(jié)果將生態(tài)源、生態(tài)廊道和生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)分為三級,空間連接度較高的生態(tài)源、生態(tài)廊道和生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)劃為一級,扮演著生態(tài)功能主導(dǎo)的角色;其余源地、廊道和節(jié)點(diǎn)劃為二級和三級,生態(tài)功能有待于進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化;2005-2014年研究區(qū)大面積生態(tài)用地轉(zhuǎn)換為農(nóng)業(yè)用地,生態(tài)用地的侵占現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重,其破碎化的空間布局對城市空間生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能量與物質(zhì)的流動不利。(3)城市生態(tài)用地網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間優(yōu)化與提升首先對生態(tài)源進(jìn)行功能連接度優(yōu)化,將其分為小型、大型生態(tài)源地兩類;對各生態(tài)源分別做距離不等的緩沖區(qū),選取最為理想的方案,完成生態(tài)源的結(jié)構(gòu)連接度優(yōu)化;接著根據(jù)生態(tài)廊道空間評價(jià)結(jié)果,對生態(tài)廊道進(jìn)行功能連接度優(yōu)化,分為小型和大型生態(tài)廊道;對各生態(tài)廊道分別做距離不等的緩沖區(qū),選取最為理想的方案,完成生態(tài)廊道的結(jié)構(gòu)連接度優(yōu)化;然后利用盲區(qū)分析法進(jìn)行生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化,劃定近期、中期與遠(yuǎn)期生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化區(qū)域;最后在IDRISI平臺支持下,運(yùn)用CA-Markov模型進(jìn)行生態(tài)基質(zhì)優(yōu)化,并進(jìn)行Kappa系數(shù)的檢驗(yàn),給生態(tài)源擴(kuò)張?zhí)峁╊A(yù)留區(qū)。根據(jù)優(yōu)化成果:優(yōu)化生態(tài)源時(shí),大型、小型斑塊相輔相成,一個(gè)為主,一個(gè)為輔,共同促進(jìn)景觀格局的發(fā)展;生態(tài)源地設(shè)置1000m緩沖區(qū)時(shí),與周邊生態(tài)斑塊關(guān)聯(lián)度最佳;大小型生態(tài)廊道的構(gòu)建根據(jù)生態(tài)廊道空間評價(jià)結(jié)果,并在生態(tài)廊道周邊設(shè)置400m的緩沖區(qū),從而穩(wěn)定小型生態(tài)廊道的后續(xù)發(fā)展,加強(qiáng)大型生態(tài)廊道的主導(dǎo)效應(yīng);利用盲區(qū)識別法明確關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)建設(shè)的次序;優(yōu)化生態(tài)基質(zhì)過程中,與2014年各類基質(zhì)用地面積相比,四周農(nóng)業(yè)基質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)入造成了2030年生態(tài)用地?cái)?shù)量的增加。
[Abstract]:At present, along with our country city urbanization, city influx of rural population, city scale and caused a surge in the number of frequent city ecological environment problems, caused great obstacles to the sustainable development of social economy. The landscape ecological pattern reflects the ecological landscape process, landscape ecology can make reasonable ecological environment the uncertainty is reduced or the ecological environment will be improved, and the irrational landscape ecological pattern will cause a series of problems such as city flood, climate warming, environmental damage. According to the "matrix patch city landscape ecology corridor" theory, scientific identification of constructing the ecological land classification and evaluation of network space, and optimization of the integrity and continuity, so that the ecological environment function has been improved. By using the ecological process to optimize the city landscape pattern is a promising new research. To the current research in this area, but the lack of reliable methods and research has a certain degree of difficulty. At present, land with high degree of internal construction of the city, and ecological land connectivity is low, so the city landscape ecology planning should be to improve the ecological land network as objective and effective supplement to the traditional city ecological planning. For the past scholars often through empirical evaluation of city ecological land network status, put forward suggestions to optimize the lack of qualitative, this paper selects the Xinbei District of Changzhou city as the study area, using the method of combining qualitative and quantitative, in recognition of the ecological elements, and the ecological connectivity strength and grade evaluation of distribution of the space for the network. In order to find out the optimization of key, using CA-Marcov model and GIS technology for network optimization based on ecological land deeply. Finally, ecological connectivity and power structure the network connectivity Are improved, ecological sources, spatial relationship between ecological corridor and ecological key nodes are enhanced by maintaining the stable development of landscape ecological pattern, thus forming a complete ecological function, ecological network connectivity with the ideal landscape ecological pattern. The research results of this paper provide theoretical guidance and scientific support for city planning and ecological environment protection and regional scale. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) ecological city land network space identification and the construction of the first use of the minimum cumulative resistance model of regional ecological suitability zoning, based on the determination of other ecological factors. Identifying ecological source by selected area of woodland, waters, beaches and scenic area; identification of ecological corridor by selecting regional vegetation index (NDVI), water index (MNDWI) and building index (NDBI) three factors to establish species migration impedance meter Then, using the shortest path method to extract the ecological corridor; then the intersection of ecological corridor extraction as a key ecological construction of regional ecological end node; Changzhou New District land network system. The results show that the ecological matrix according to the degree of protection can be divided into four levels of regional ecological source contains woodland, waters;, beaches and scenic area four, southwest of study area, southeastern and central ecological source distribution is sparse, plaque area is small, small number; ecological corridor 45; key ecological nodes have a total of 23, mainly concentrated in the northern New District. (2) and grade land spatial analysis of city network first of all the ecological ecological source shape index size and spatial distribution, analyze the ecological and ecological source node degree size and space distribution; the study area four landscape ecological land network gamma, alpha, beta index value calculation For the attributes of the ecological corridor of the value, the weight of each attribute and corridor is the comprehensive index, the new North status of the ecological corridor connecting the size of the resulting display; then according to the evaluation results of ecological connectivity, the classification of ecological corridors and ecological nodes; the transfer of land use transfer analysis of evaluation model of dynamic matrix and ecological use, into the class distribution and ecological land use change amplitude and velocity characteristics. Analysis results show that all kinds of ecological source shape index is small, simple shape, and various types of land around the edges of the contact part of the small, close contact with the outside world features poor; ecological corridor through the water and a large number of scenic areas, through the forest, less number of beaches and most ecological nodes, the source of each category there are 0 corridors across the north; space ecological network By the north and south of the existing ecological corridor connectivity is small, middle and south of the existing ecological corridor connectivity medium, north central part of the existing ecological corridor connectivity is strong; according to the evaluation results of ecological source, ecological corridor and ecological nodes are divided into three levels, a high degree of spatial connection of ecological source the ecological, ecological corridors and nodes designated as a class, plays a leading role in the ecological function; the remaining source, corridors and nodes are divided into two grades and three grades, the ecological function need to be further optimized; the 2005-2014 large area of ecological land conversion of agricultural land, ecological land expropriation the more serious, the fragmentation of the spatial distribution of flow of energy and material space of city ecosystem disadvantage. (3) the city ecological land space network optimization and upgrading firstly ecological source optimization of functional connectivity, which is divided into small and large ecological source. Two kinds of different ecological sources respectively; unequal distance buffer, select the most ideal solution, the structure complete source of ecological connectivity optimization; and then according to the evaluation results of ecological corridor space, ecological corridor optimizing functional connectivity, divided into small and large ecological corridor; the ecological corridor respectively distance buffer range, select the most ideal solution, complete the structure of ecological corridor connectivity optimization; and then use the blind analysis method for ecological optimization of nodes, the delineation of the recent, middle term and long-term ecological optimization of regional nodes; finally, under the support of IDRISI platform, using CA-Markov model and tested the ecological matrix optimization. The coefficients of Kappa, to provide reserve expansion ecological source. According to the optimized results: optimizing the ecological source, large and small patches, complement each other, a, a subsidiary, jointly promote the development of landscape ecology; The source set 1000m buffer, and the surrounding ecological plaque correlation best; small ecological corridor construction of ecological corridor space according to the evaluation results, and in the buffer zone of Ecological Corridor around the set of 400m, and thus the stability of the subsequent development of small ecological corridor, strengthen the dominant effect of large-scale ecological corridor; clarify the key node construction the use of blind identification method in order to optimize the ecological matrix; in the process, compared with the 2014 matrix land area, around the agricultural matrix into 2030 caused by the rise in the number of ecological use.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F301.2;P901;P208

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