本文關(guān)鍵詞：退化高寒沼澤濕地對(duì)刈割和補(bǔ)播的響應(yīng)　出處：《青海大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黃河源區(qū) 退化沼澤濕地 刈割 補(bǔ)播 植株密度

【摘要】：本文以黃河源區(qū)退化高寒沼澤濕地為研究對(duì)象,在高寒沼澤濕地周圍中度退化區(qū)和重度退化區(qū),分別進(jìn)行圍欄刈割控制試驗(yàn)和補(bǔ)播處理控制試驗(yàn),通過對(duì)植被群落特征和土壤營養(yǎng)狀況影響進(jìn)行測(cè)定,探討高寒沼澤濕地退化原因以及補(bǔ)播恢復(fù)過程中的限制因子。主要結(jié)論如下:1、隨著刈割強(qiáng)度的加強(qiáng),植被高度、蓋度和多樣性指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì),3種刈割強(qiáng)度(0%、50%、100%)之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。隨著刈割強(qiáng)度的加強(qiáng),土壤質(zhì)地小于0.01mm物理黏粒含量總體上呈現(xiàn)減少的趨勢(shì),土壤容重逐漸增大,各刈割強(qiáng)度之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。刈割試驗(yàn)中,20cm土壤年含水量均高于10cm土壤含水量,10cm和20cm土壤含水量逐漸減小。隨著刈割強(qiáng)度的加強(qiáng)5cm、15cm、25cm土壤年均溫度逐漸減小。2、刈割試驗(yàn)中,土壤養(yǎng)分和pH在垂直方向上是逐漸降低的。隨著刈割強(qiáng)度的加強(qiáng),土壤養(yǎng)分和pH在逐漸較小,但是沒有差異顯著性(P0.05)。退化沼澤濕地中土壤微生物數(shù)量以放線菌占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),在垂直方向上表層土壤微生物數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)大于其它土層。不同刈割強(qiáng)度下微生物數(shù)量之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。3、補(bǔ)播處理地中,隨著補(bǔ)播牧草植株數(shù)量的增多,土壤質(zhì)地(小于0.01mm物理黏粒含量)逐漸增大,土壤容重逐漸減小。總體來看土壤含水量在垂直方向上是逐漸增加,土壤含水量逐漸增加,土壤含水量在表層0-10cm處植株無與植株較多補(bǔ)播地量差異顯著(P0.05)。4、補(bǔ)播處理樣地中,土壤溫度在垂直方向上是逐漸減小的。隨著補(bǔ)播植株數(shù)量的增多,土壤溫度逐漸增加,土壤溫度在表層0-10cm處植物無(禿斑地)與植株較多補(bǔ)播地之間差異顯著(P0.05)。土壤養(yǎng)分在垂直方向上是逐漸增加的,隨著補(bǔ)播牧草植株數(shù)量的增多,全K2O、速效K和pH逐漸減小,速效K和pH在植株無和植株較多補(bǔ)播地之間差異顯著;全N、全K2O、堿解N、速效P和有機(jī)質(zhì)之間增加,全N速效P和有機(jī)質(zhì)在植株無和植株較多補(bǔ)播地量差異顯著(P0.05)。5、補(bǔ)播處理樣地中,土壤微生物數(shù)量在垂直方向上是逐漸減小的,從植株無到植株較多補(bǔ)播地之間土壤微生物數(shù)量呈增加的趨勢(shì)。6、以在不同植株密度中有顯著差異性的8個(gè)指標(biāo)作因子分析,結(jié)果表明土壤含水量、土壤溫度和土壤電導(dǎo)率是限制補(bǔ)播處理樣地植株密度的主導(dǎo)因子。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the degradation of alpine swamps in the source area of the Yellow River was studied. The fencing cutting control test and the supplementary sowing control experiment were carried out in the moderately degraded and severely degraded areas around the alpine swamp wetland. The effects of vegetation community characteristics and soil nutrient status on the degradation of alpine swamp wetland and the limiting factors in the process of restoration were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, with the increase of cutting intensity. The vegetation height, coverage and diversity index showed a decreasing trend. There was no significant difference among the three cutting intensities (P 0.05), and with the increase of cutting intensity, there was no significant difference. The physical clay content of soil texture less than 0.01 mm showed a decreasing trend, the bulk density of soil gradually increased, and there was no significant difference between different cutting intensity (P 0.05). The annual water content of 20cm soil was higher than that of 10cm and 20cm soil water content. With the increase of cutting intensity, the annual water content of 20cm soil was higher than that of 10cm soil water content and 20cm soil moisture content. The average annual temperature of 25cm soil decreased gradually. In cutting experiment, soil nutrient and pH decreased gradually in vertical direction. With the increase of cutting intensity, soil nutrient and pH gradually decreased. However, there was no significant difference (P0.05). Actinomycetes were dominant in soil microbes in degraded swamp wetlands. In the vertical direction, the number of microbes in surface soil is much larger than that in other soil layers, but the difference of microbial quantity under different cutting intensity is not significant (P0.05. 3). With the increase of the number of forage plants, the soil texture (less than 0.01 mm physical clay content) gradually increased, and the soil bulk density gradually decreased. In general, the soil moisture content increased gradually in the vertical direction. The soil water content increased gradually, and there was no significant difference between the soil moisture content and the plantlets in the topsoil 0-10cm. There was a significant difference in the amount of soil water content between the plants and the plantlets (P0.05N. 4). The soil temperature decreased gradually in the vertical direction, and the soil temperature increased gradually with the increase of the number of additional seeding plants. There was a significant difference between the soil temperature of 0 ~ 10cm between the plants and the plantlets with more supplementary seeding, and the soil nutrient increased gradually in the vertical direction. With the increase of the number of forage plants, the total K _ 2O, available K and pH decreased gradually, and the difference between available K and pH was significant between the plants without plants and with more plants. Total N, total K _ 2O, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P and organic matter increased, and total N available P and organic matter were significantly different in the non-plant and more plantlet supplementary seeding land (P0.05N. 5). The number of soil microbes decreased gradually in the vertical direction, and the number of soil microbes increased from no plant to more supplementary seeding. The results showed that soil water content, soil temperature and soil electrical conductivity were the main factors limiting plant density in different plant densities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

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