本文關鍵詞：白洋淀濕地植物AM真菌和DSE物種多樣性及DSE重金屬抗性研究　出處：《河北大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： AM真菌 DSE真菌 分離培養(yǎng) 物種多樣性 黑色素 白洋淀濕地植物

【摘要】：白洋淀濕地位于河北省中部,地處京津冀腹地,為內陸淡水濕地系統(tǒng)。大陸性氣候特點顯著,四季分明,物種豐富。近年來由于自然因素和人類活動影響,白洋淀濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到嚴重破壞,土壤重金屬污染嚴重。AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌能與絕大多數(shù)維管植物根系形成互惠共生體且在植物礦質營養(yǎng)、水分吸收和生物間相互作用等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。DSE(dark septate endophytes)泛指定殖在植物根細胞間隙或細胞內的一類土壤真菌,能與多數(shù)維管植物根系形成互惠共生體,具有類似菌根真菌的生態(tài)學功能。本試驗于2015年5-6月在河北保定安新縣端村鎮(zhèn)白洋淀北岸與白洋淀景區(qū)隨機采集多種濕地植物,系統(tǒng)研究植物與AM真菌和DSE共生狀況,DSE分離培養(yǎng)和物種多樣性以及篩選重金屬鎘耐受性菌株,為利用植物-真菌復合體修復白洋淀濕地土壤重金屬污染提供依據。主要試驗結果如下:1.從白洋淀濕地共分離鑒定AM真菌6屬20種,包括一個未定種。其中球囊霉屬(Glomus)9種;無梗囊霉屬(Acaulospora)6種;盾巨孢囊霉屬(Scutellospora)2種;管柄囊霉屬(Funneliformis)1種;巨孢囊霉屬(Gigaspora)1種;原囊霉屬(Archaeospora)1種。2.所試植物根系可被AM真菌侵染,但侵染頻度相對較低;菌根類型以疆南星型(Arum-type)為主,重樓型(Paris-type)和中間型(Intermediate types)均有出現(xiàn)。3.與荒漠和農田環(huán)境相比,白洋淀濕地植物叢枝豐富度明顯升高,泡囊侵染頻度顯著下降;較熱帶植物而言,其叢枝豐富度差異不明顯,泡囊侵染率高于熱帶植物,這與叢枝和泡囊的功能有關,是長期適應環(huán)境的結果。4.所試植物根系可被DSE侵染,除菌絲外,泡囊、微菌核都有形成,但侵染情況在不同種間差異明顯。大多數(shù)DSE菌株自然狀態(tài)下產孢,未產孢菌株觀察到菌絲結合點(Mycelium binging sites)和菌絲圈(Mycelium circle)等特殊結構。5.6種濕地植物共分離5種9株DSE菌株,包括Altemaria sp.,Exserohilum pedicellatum無性型Setosphaeria pedicellata,Cladosporium cladosporioides,Zopfiellalatipes,Lasiosphaeria hispida,其中Zopfiella latipes、Exserohilum pedicellatum無性型Setosphaeria pedicellata、Lasiosphaeria hispida為中國淡水濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)首次報道的DSE種類。6.從本試驗分離所得不同種屬DSE菌株中篩選出兩株鎘脅迫下的抗性菌株XHF(Cladosporium cladosporioides)和LWJ1(Altemaria sp.),在一定Cd2+濃度范圍內兩菌株菌絲體內黑色素含量隨Cd2+濃度升高而增加,說明DSE菌絲體黑色素含量高低與菌株抗鎘脅迫能力有關。
[Abstract]:Baiyangdian wetland is located in the middle of Hebei province, located in the hinterland of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and is an inland freshwater wetland system. Baiyangdian wetland ecosystem has been seriously damaged. The soil heavy metal pollution is serious. The fungi can form mutual symbiosis with the root system of most vascular plants and have mineral nutrition in the plant. Water absorption and biological interaction play an important role. DSE dark septate endophytes). Any of various soil fungi that are generally designated to colonize between or within the cells of a plant's root cells. It can form a symbiosis with the root system of most vascular plants. The experiment was conducted from May to June, 2015, in the north shore of Baiyangdian, Duancun Town, Anxin County, Hebei Province, and Baiyangdian Scenic spot to collect a variety of wetland plants at random. The isolation, culture and species diversity of plants with AM fungi and DSE were systematically studied, and cadmium tolerance strains were screened. The main results are as follows: 1. Six genera and 20 species of AM fungi were isolated from Baiyangdian wetland. Including one undetermined species, including 9 species of Glomusus. 6 species of Acaulospora; 2 species of Scutellospora; 1 species of Funneliformis; One species of the genus Gigaspora; One species of Archaeospora, Archaeospora. 2. The roots of the tested plants could be infected by AM fungi, but the frequency of infection was relatively low. Arum-type was the main type of mycorrhizal mycorrhiza. Paris-type) and Intertypes (intermediate type) were found. 3. Compared with desert and farmland environment. In Baiyangdian wetland, the branchlets richness increased obviously, and the frequency of vesicle infection decreased significantly. Compared with tropical plants, there was no significant difference in branchlets richness, and the infection rate of vesicle was higher than that of tropical plants, which was related to the function of arbuscular branches and vesicles. The root system of the tested plants can be infected by DSE, except for hyphae, vesicle and microsclerotia. But the infection conditions were different among different species. Most of the DSE strains produced spore in natural state. Mycelium binging sitesand mycelium circle were observed. A total of 5 species and 9 DSE strains were isolated from 5 species of wetland plants. Includes Altemaria sp. pedicellatum pedicellatum asexual Setosphaeria pedicellata. Cladosporium cladosporioides,Zopfiellalatipes,Lasiosphaeria hispida. Zopfiella latipes. Exserohilum pedicellatum asexual Setosphaeria pedicellata. Lasiosphaeria. Hispida is the first reported species of DSE in freshwater wetland ecosystem of China. Two XHFs resistant to cadmium stress were isolated from different species of DSE strains. Cladosporium cladosporioidesand LWJ1(Altemaria sp.). The melanin content in mycelium of two strains increased with the increase of Cd2 concentration in a certain range of Cd2 concentration, indicating that the melanin content of DSE mycelium was related to the ability of the strain to resist cadmium stress.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948.122.3

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