本文關(guān)鍵詞：崇明東灘土壤總氮含量對(duì)環(huán)境因子的響應(yīng)及對(duì)植物生理生長(zhǎng)的影響　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 崇明東灘 鹽沼植物 土壤總氮含量 氮儲(chǔ)量

【摘要】：氮過(guò)剩引起的水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化已成為我國(guó)近海海域面臨的主要環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一。潮灘濕地處于海陸交錯(cuò)地帶,與近海海域交互作用復(fù)雜且強(qiáng)烈,各環(huán)境因子分異性高且快速更替,對(duì)土壤的固氮過(guò)程有著重要影響。本研究選取長(zhǎng)江口典型潮灘濕地崇明東灘,結(jié)合野外采樣和控制實(shí)驗(yàn),探究定植植被、鹽度與灘面高程對(duì)土壤總氮含量的影響;并通過(guò)氮添加試驗(yàn),模擬長(zhǎng)江口不同濃度氮素含量對(duì)潮灘植物生長(zhǎng)及生理特征指標(biāo)的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1)在崇明東灘,表層土壤總氮含量與鹽度和灘面高程分布規(guī)律相近,表現(xiàn)為北高南低,西高東低。表層30 cm 土壤總氮含量在空間分布上存在顯著性差異。其中北部土壤總氮含量約為南部的1.5倍;西部(植被發(fā)育14年)土壤總氮含量約為東部(植被發(fā)育1年)的1.2～1.5倍。定植植被類型及群落演替模式在南北顯示出明顯的不同,但均呈現(xiàn)出低生物量群落向高生物量群落演替的規(guī)律,北部定植植被生物量高于南部。國(guó)內(nèi)濱海濕地多為新生濕地,因此土壤總氮含量普遍低于內(nèi)陸濕地。但崇明東灘相比國(guó)內(nèi)其他濱海濕地土壤總氮含量較低,可能是由于過(guò)度放牧、采集等人為干擾所致。因此,保護(hù)和恢復(fù)濱海濕地將增加氮素匯聚能力,對(duì)提高長(zhǎng)江口濕地氮儲(chǔ)量具有重要意義。2)不同鹽沼植物對(duì)鹽度和淹水的耐受性差異,會(huì)對(duì)土壤總氮含量和植物氮儲(chǔ)量產(chǎn)生重要的影響。隨著鹽度的增加,強(qiáng)耐鹽性植物生長(zhǎng)區(qū)域的土壤總氮含量升高;而耐鹽性弱的植物在鹽度增加時(shí),土壤總氮含量會(huì)在一定程度上降低。此外,隨著鹽度的升高,植物氮儲(chǔ)量會(huì)不斷降低。隨淹水深度的增加,蘆葦和海三棱叇草的植物氮儲(chǔ)量均有顯著降低。其中,蘆葦?shù)耐寥揽偟繜o(wú)顯著性變化,海三棱叇草的土壤總氮含量顯著降低,而互花米草的土壤總氮含量和植物氮儲(chǔ)量均無(wú)明顯變化趨勢(shì)。野外采樣中土壤總氮含量和環(huán)境因子的分布規(guī)律與控制實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)果存在較大差異,說(shuō)明鹽度和灘面高程作為潮灘濕地的典型環(huán)境因子,對(duì)土壤總氮含量的作用效果有限,可能受定植植被類型、微生物群落、發(fā)育年限等其他環(huán)境因子的影響更大。3)過(guò)高的氮素含量會(huì)抑制潮灘植物的生長(zhǎng),從而降低植物對(duì)氮素的去除和凈化能力,但目前長(zhǎng)江口的水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化問(wèn)題尚未達(dá)到如上水平。隨施氮濃度的增加,海三棱呰草的生長(zhǎng)總體呈低濃度促進(jìn)、高濃度抑制的規(guī)律。其中100～200 mg.kg-1的氮素施加量顯著提高了海三棱叇草的各項(xiàng)生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)和葉片葉綠素含量,相比無(wú)施氮處理,植株高度提高約35%;植株密度提高約50%;總生物量提高約40%;葉片總?cè)~綠素濃度提升約37%。海三棱叇草植株的氮儲(chǔ)量在施氮水平200 mg kg-1(實(shí)際土壤總氮水平:131.3±6.4 mg N kg-1)處理時(shí)達(dá)到最大值5.9 gm-2"。,超過(guò)該水平后,氮儲(chǔ)量顯著降低,對(duì)濕地中氮素的凈化能力逐漸減弱。目前崇明東灘海三棱呰草群落帶土壤總氮水平約為50 mgN·kg-1,尚未達(dá)到抑制海三棱叇草生長(zhǎng)的程度(約130mgN·kg-1),因此仍可在長(zhǎng)江口富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化加劇的背景下較好地生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,并發(fā)揮其氮素吸收和凈化功能。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen surplus caused by eutrophication has become one of the main environmental problems in China's coastal waters. The tidal wetlands in the ecotone between the sea and sea areas, the interaction is complex and intense, each environmental factor difference high and rapid turnover, has an important influence on the process of nitrogen fixation in soil. This study selected the typical Yangtze River estuary the intertidal wetland of Chongming Dongtan, combined with field sampling and control experiments, explore planting vegetation, effects of salinity and tidal elevations on the total nitrogen content of soil; and through nitrogen addition experiment, effects of simulated nitrogen content in different concentrations in Yangtze River Estuary on tidal plant growth and physiological characteristics. The main results are as follows: 1) in Chongming Dongtan, surface soil total nitrogen content and salinity and tidal elevations showed similar distribution, from north to south, East West High low. The total nitrogen content in surface soil of 30 cm in spatial distribution have significant The difference. The total nitrogen content of soil in North South for about 1.5 times; the western (vegetation development 14 years) the total nitrogen content of the soil around the eastern (vegetation 1 years) from 1.2 to 1.5 times. The colonization of vegetation types and community succession patterns in the north and south is obviously different, but both showed the rule of life the volume to high biomass community succession, northern planting vegetation biomass was higher than that in the south. Many domestic coastal wetland wetland, so the soil total nitrogen content is lower than that of inland wetlands in Chongming Dongtan. But compared to other domestic coastal wetland soil total nitrogen content is low, may be due to excessive grazing, such as acquisition caused by interference. Therefore, the protection and will increase the nitrogen accumulation capability of coastal wetland restoration, to improve the Yangtze River Estuary Wetland nitrogen reserves has important significance to.2) different salt marsh plant tolerance to salinity and waterlogging difference, the soil total nitrogen content and plant Influence of nitrogen reserves. With the increase of salinity, increased soil total nitrogen content of strong salt tolerant plant growth area; and the salt tolerance of weak plants increase in salinity, soil total nitrogen content decreased to a certain extent. In addition, with the increase of salinity, plant nitrogen reserves will continue to reduce the increase. With the water depth, reed and bulrush cloudy sky grass nitrogen content of plant decreased significantly. The soil total nitrogen content of reed no significant changes, the soil total nitrogen content of Scirpus grass significantly reduced the cloudy sky, there was no significant change in soil total nitrogen content and plant nitrogen reserves spartinaalterniflora distribution trend. The experimental and control field sampling total nitrogen content of soil and environmental factors that results are quite different, that of salinity and tidal elevations as the typical environmental factors of tidal wetlands, the effect of the total nitrogen content of the soil can be limited. By planting vegetation types, microbial community, life and other environmental factors affect the development of the greater.3) nitrogen content is too high will inhibit the intertidal plant growth, thereby reducing plant nitrogen removal and purification ability, but the problem of eutrophication of the Yangtze Estuary has not reached the above level. With the increase of nitrogen the concentration of Scirpus Zi grass growth generally showed a low concentration promoted, high concentrations inhibited the law. Among them 100 ~ 200 mg.kg-1 nitrogen application rate significantly increased the growth index and chlorophyll content of the bulrush cloudy sky grass, no nitrogen treatment compared, plant height increased about 35%; plant density increased about 50%; the total biomass increased by 40%; total leaf chlorophyll concentration increased by approximately 37%. of Scirpus grass plant nitrogen reserves in the cloudy sky n 200 mg kg-1 (total nitrogen level: 131.3 + 6.4 mg N actual soil kg-1) reaches the maximum value of 5.9 when processing GM-2., exceed this level, nitrogen reserves decreased significantly and the purification ability of wetland nitrogen gradually weakened. At present, Chongming East tidal flat Zi grass community zone total nitrogen level in soil is about 50 mgN kg-1, has not yet reached the inhibition of Scirpus grass growth degree of cloudy sky (about 130mgN kg-1), it is still in the the mouth of the Yangtze River eutrophication intensified under the background of better growth and development, and play the function of nitrogen absorption and purification.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李亞靜;姜燕琴;韋繼光;曾其龍;於虹;;不同氮濃度對(duì)兔眼藍(lán)漿果不同品種幼苗生長(zhǎng)和光合生理的影響[J];植物資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2016年02期

2 蘇富源;郝明德;郭慧慧;蒙靜;肖慶紅;武東波;劉公社;;施用氮肥對(duì)人工羊草草地產(chǎn)量及養(yǎng)分吸收的影響[J];草地學(xué)報(bào);2015年04期

3 丁文慧;姜俊彥;李秀珍;黃星;李希之;周云軒;湯臣棟;;崇明東灘南部鹽沼植被空間分布及影響因素分析[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年07期

4 張春鵬;劉敬偉;鄭存德;劉月;張亮;程巖;;基于遙感的鴨綠江河口濕地結(jié)構(gòu)演變分析[J];海洋湖沼通報(bào);2014年04期

5 鄒亞麗;牛得草;楊益;文海燕;傅華;;氮素添加對(duì)黃土高原典型草原土壤氮礦化的影響[J];草地學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期

6 胡敏杰;仝川;;氮輸入對(duì)天然濕地溫室氣體通量的影響及機(jī)制[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2014年07期

7 劉偉成;陳少波;鄭春芳;朱海龍;黃麗;仇建標(biāo);黃曉林;;樂(lè)清灣濱海濕地不同植被帶土壤養(yǎng)分時(shí)空分布特征[J];土壤通報(bào);2014年01期

8 白雪;程軍回;鄭淑霞;詹書俠;白永飛;;典型草原建群種羊草對(duì)氮磷添加的生理生態(tài)響應(yīng)[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2014年02期

9 嚴(yán)格;葛振鳴;張利權(quán);;崇明東灘濕地不同鹽沼植物群落土壤碳儲(chǔ)量分布[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2014年01期

10 閆慧;吳茜;丁佳;張守仁;;不同降水及氮添加對(duì)浙江古田山4種樹木幼苗光合生理生態(tài)特征與生物量的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2013年14期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 唐洪杰;長(zhǎng)江口及鄰近海域富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化近30年變化趨勢(shì)及其與赤潮發(fā)生的關(guān)系和控制策略研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 徐淑新;營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的添加對(duì)草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤碳過(guò)程的影響[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號(hào)：1381505