發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-12 09:40

【摘要】：氮氧化物是大氣的主要污染物之一,不僅對(duì)大氣環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重污染,對(duì)動(dòng)植物的生存、發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生很多不利的影響。由于電廠是氮氧化物的主要排放源之一,因此需要加裝脫硝裝置減少電廠氮氧化物的排放量。本文以張家口電廠發(fā)電機(jī)組為依托,對(duì)其脫硝改造的設(shè)計(jì)布置方案和改造后系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行了分析。首先主要闡述了本文的研究背景及本課題選擇的意義,介紹了NO_x的生成原理和當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外脫硝技術(shù)和工藝的研究現(xiàn)狀。其次簡(jiǎn)單介紹了煙氣脫硝的不同工藝,分析不同工藝的脫硝流程、原理及適用條件,根據(jù)電廠脫硝改造的一般原則和張家口電廠的實(shí)際情況選擇SCR脫硝工藝。本文從電廠的實(shí)際情況出發(fā),分析了脫硝裝置的布置方案,完成了SCR脫硝還原劑的選擇分析,為整個(gè)脫硝改造工程奠定基礎(chǔ)。接著介紹了張家口電廠機(jī)組脫硝改造的基本設(shè)計(jì)情況,包括鍋爐參數(shù)、設(shè)計(jì)煤質(zhì)分析、入口煙氣參數(shù)、水源、熱一次風(fēng)及蒸汽等基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。根據(jù)機(jī)組的基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),分析、設(shè)計(jì)了本次脫硝改造中SCR脫硝裝置設(shè)備,詳細(xì)闡述了脫硝改造反應(yīng)器、脫硝劑氨制備貯存與供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的布置方案和空氣預(yù)熱器等設(shè)備的改造方案,并分析了加裝SCR裝置對(duì)鍋爐機(jī)組、除灰部分、吸風(fēng)機(jī)和爐后其它設(shè)備的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)張家口電廠6號(hào)機(jī)組SCR脫硝系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集處理,計(jì)算脫硝系統(tǒng)各運(yùn)行參數(shù),分析對(duì)比該機(jī)組在100%負(fù)荷和75%負(fù)荷下,脫硝系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀況。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,脫硝實(shí)際運(yùn)行參數(shù)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求,達(dá)到本次改造的預(yù)期效果;進(jìn)行脫硝改造后,機(jī)組運(yùn)行正常。同時(shí)計(jì)算了脫硝系統(tǒng)的主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo),并完成了對(duì)系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益評(píng)價(jià)。最后總結(jié)了本次脫硝改造的改造經(jīng)驗(yàn),分析了本次改造出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和不足,提出對(duì)我國(guó)煙氣脫硝技術(shù)發(fā)展的建議。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen oxide is one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere, which not only causes serious pollution to the atmospheric environment, but also has a lot of adverse effects on the survival and development of animals and plants. As the power plant is one of the main emission sources of NOx, it is necessary to install a denitrification device to reduce the NOx emission. Based on the generator set of Zhangjiakou Power Plant, the design layout scheme of denitrification and the performance of the system after revamping are analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the background of this paper and the significance of the selection of this topic are introduced. The formation principle of NO_x and the present research status of denitrification technology and process at home and abroad are introduced. Secondly, the different processes of flue gas denitrification are briefly introduced, the process, principle and applicable conditions of different processes are analyzed, and the SCR denitrification process is selected according to the general principles of denitrification in power plant and the actual situation of Zhangjiakou Power Plant. Based on the actual situation of the power plant, the layout scheme of the denitrification unit is analyzed in this paper, and the selection and analysis of the SCR denitrification reductant is completed, which lays a foundation for the whole denitrification renovation project. Then the basic design of unit denitrification in Zhangjiakou Power Plant is introduced, including boiler parameters, design coal quality analysis, inlet flue gas parameters, water source, heat primary air and steam and other basic design parameters. According to the basic design parameters of the unit, the equipment of the SCR denitrification unit in this denitrification transformation is designed, and the denitrification reactor is described in detail. The layout scheme of the equipment for preparing storage and supply system of denitration ammonia and the retrofit scheme of air preheater etc. The influence of adding SCR device on boiler unit ash removal part suction fan and other equipment after furnace is analyzed. Through collecting and processing the actual operation data of SCR denitrification system in Zhangjiakou Power Plant Unit 6, the operation parameters of the denitrification system are calculated, and the actual operation conditions of the denitrification system under 100% and 75% load are analyzed and compared. The calculation results show that the actual operation parameters of denitrification meet the design requirements and reach the expected effect of this revamp, and the unit runs normally after denitrification. At the same time, the main technical and economic indexes of denitrification system are calculated, and the economic analysis and economic benefit evaluation of the system are completed. Finally, the experience of denitrification reform is summarized, the problems and shortcomings of the revamp are analyzed, and some suggestions for the development of flue gas denitrification technology in China are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X773

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