發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-25 19:51

【摘要】：生態(tài)學(xué)被后現(xiàn)代看作其科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之一。它經(jīng)過一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)從研究一般生物與環(huán)境的相互關(guān)系學(xué)科演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代的生態(tài)學(xué)科學(xué),體現(xiàn)著橫斷性的特征。作為從科學(xué)本身的發(fā)展中而產(chǎn)生出來的生態(tài)學(xué),是一種具有反叛性的科學(xué),這種反叛性,具有很強(qiáng)的批判功能。生態(tài)學(xué)的批判既不是批判生態(tài)學(xué),也不是研究生態(tài)學(xué)具有的性質(zhì),而是把生態(tài)學(xué)的觀念深化為一種哲學(xué)理念,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的、聯(lián)系的、相互依賴自然觀,克服了經(jīng)典物理模式機(jī)械性的特點(diǎn),打破了孤立、片面看待問題的角度,把自然界看作是相互聯(lián)系、共生共榮的整體,對(duì)現(xiàn)代性的科學(xué)、形而上的觀念以及市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的錯(cuò)誤行為展開批判,這就是生態(tài)學(xué)的批判,這里的“批判”在中國(guó)語境中有著新的意義。生態(tài)學(xué)是從生物學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展出來的生態(tài)學(xué)分支學(xué)科,它本屬于自然科學(xué),但它卻反對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)代的、機(jī)械的科學(xué)。它以關(guān)系、依賴、有機(jī)和整體的性質(zhì)批判了以物理學(xué)為代表的機(jī)械性的科學(xué),強(qiáng)調(diào)大自然是一個(gè)有機(jī)的、聯(lián)系的、充滿創(chuàng)造力的整體。其次,生態(tài)學(xué)批判了現(xiàn)代觀念,以“關(guān)系的實(shí)在”解構(gòu)了實(shí)體概念,以聯(lián)系、有機(jī)批判了機(jī)械的還原論,以整體的觀念批判主客分離的二元論,肯定了大自然的有機(jī)創(chuàng)造力。最后,生態(tài)學(xué)以生態(tài)人批判經(jīng)濟(jì)人,以相互依賴的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)批判了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)把自然資本化的錯(cuò)誤行徑以及資本邏輯下的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的存在的諸多問題,認(rèn)為自然是一個(gè)和諧穩(wěn)定的共同體。生態(tài)學(xué)的批判是以生態(tài)哲學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)。用生態(tài)哲學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論分析人類現(xiàn)實(shí)問題,對(duì)人類的行動(dòng)進(jìn)行理性思考。人的行動(dòng)雖借助科學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響,但也導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境的破壞,我們必須探索“人類應(yīng)該如何生存”的基本問題,重新審視人與自然的關(guān)系,哲學(xué)必須轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)嵺`、轉(zhuǎn)向行動(dòng)。在分析人類的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題、探索人類如何生存行動(dòng)以及審視人與自然的關(guān)系時(shí),就是探討哲學(xué)的本體論、方法論和倫理觀,這些都是生態(tài)學(xué)批判的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)——生態(tài)哲學(xué)。按照生態(tài)哲學(xué)的理論,我們整個(gè)自然、人類、社會(huì)是一個(gè)地球共同體,一切有機(jī)體的活動(dòng)都關(guān)系著這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行。
[Abstract]:Ecology is regarded as one of its scientific bases by postmodernism. After more than a century of development, it has evolved from the study of the relationship between the general biology and the environment to the modern ecological science, which embodies the characteristics of crosscutting. Ecology, which is produced from the development of science itself, is a kind of rebellious science, which has a strong critical function. The criticism of ecology is neither a criticism of ecology nor a study of the nature of ecology. Rather, it deepens the concept of ecology into a philosophical concept, emphasizing the view of nature as a whole, connected and interdependent. It overcomes the mechanical characteristics of classical physical models, breaks the angle of isolation and one-sided view of problems, and regards nature as an interconnected, symbiotic and prosperous whole, a science of modernity. The metaphysical concept and the wrong behavior in the field of market economy are criticized, which is the criticism of ecology. The critique here has a new meaning in the Chinese context. Ecology is a branch of ecology developed from biological science. It belongs to natural science, but it opposes this modern, mechanical science. It criticizes the mechanical science represented by physics in the nature of relation, dependence, organic and whole, and emphasizes that nature is an organic, connected, creative whole. Secondly, ecology criticizes the modern concept, deconstructs the entity concept by "the reality of the relation", organically criticizes the mechanical reductionism, criticizes the dualism of the separation of the subject and the object with the whole idea, and affirms the organic creativity of nature. Finally, ecology criticizes economic man with ecological man, criticizes the wrong behavior of capitalizing nature in market economy with interdependent ecosystem and many problems existing in market economy under the logic of capital. Nature is considered a harmonious and stable community. Ecological criticism is based on ecological philosophy. The basic theory of ecological philosophy is used to analyze human realistic problems and to think rationally about human actions. Although man's action has had a great impact on the world with the aid of science and technology, it has also led to the destruction of the environment. We must explore the basic problem of "how human beings should survive", re-examine the relationship between man and nature, and philosophy must turn to practice. Turn to action. When we analyze the realistic problems of human beings, explore how human beings live and act and examine the relationship between human beings and nature, we discuss the ontology, methodology and ethics of philosophy, which are the philosophical basis of ecological criticism. According to the theory of ecological philosophy, our whole nature, human, society is an earth community, and the activities of all organisms are related to the operation of this ecosystem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X2

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