【摘要】：在油田石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)中,在工藝流程中的很多環(huán)節(jié)都會產(chǎn)生含油廢水,在采油廠每天運轉(zhuǎn)的抽油設備采出的原油、石化行業(yè)煉油過程、成品油儲存運輸及其他行業(yè)產(chǎn)生含油廢水,機械加工使用的冷卻液、鋼鐵廠軋鋼水,以及農(nóng)副食品加工等的廢水中都含有大量的油。油水分離技術在上述領域的應用非常廣泛。在油田油水分離工藝流程中,在同樣的進液條件和出水指標條件下,新型除油設備的體積相比污水沉降罐除油工藝大幅減少,降低除油設備運營成本,運行穩(wěn)定、排泥便捷,取代現(xiàn)行的大罐除油設備,達到國際領先水平。當含油水混合液沒有進行油水分離將其排入到自然環(huán)境中會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及自然環(huán)境造成嚴重影響。如混合液流到湖泊中產(chǎn)生的可浮油,在水體表面產(chǎn)生一種阻礙大氣復氧的油膜后,隔絕了水體中氧氣的來源,以致水中的浮游生物和魚類無法存活。在改造工程中應用層疊式除油器比傳統(tǒng)立式沉降儲罐縮短了沉降周期,周期縮短近35%。提高了工作效率,使整個聯(lián)合站的油水處理流程更加快速。在改造工程中應用此設備每年可節(jié)省各項費用數(shù)十萬元,同時可以將油水分離后的油和水進行再利用實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟效益。在國內(nèi)外水處理的主要方法包含有重力分離、氣浮、粗�；凹踊旌纤巹┓ǖ�。最近十年來,最常用的簡單立式沉降罐物理作為重力分離法一種的除油方法,其特點是油水分離后不會產(chǎn)生二次污染,產(chǎn)品工藝簡單運行成本低,是中外學者研究的熱點。采用重力分離方法能除去最小粒直徑為60μm油珠。而近幾年來新出現(xiàn)的多層波紋板除油器己經(jīng)可以除區(qū)最小粒徑降為40μm的油珠。如果將聚結(jié)分離法與重力分離法相結(jié)合,選擇合適的波紋板材,采用波紋板聚結(jié)技術,并對兩種類型除油器結(jié)構(gòu)進一步改進合并,對于使用重力除油方法處理油水分離會有顯著效果。波紋板聚結(jié)除油之所以有優(yōu)異的除油效果,主要歸結(jié)于兩方面:立式層疊式除油器其經(jīng)濟性、穩(wěn)定性都很高。在未來的發(fā)展中,制定合理有效的工藝參數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu),脫水除油效果顯著,能量綜合利用率提高,工藝流程簡化,在工藝和技術設計改造中將會被廣泛的推廣使用。應用現(xiàn)有的油水分離處理技術進行分析,對每種處理方法進行總結(jié)找出各自的除油特點。并根據(jù)此次設計針對高效、節(jié)能的初衷,找出適合的除油方法。并進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。本人參加了為某采油廠擴建工程設計一套既節(jié)省空間又高效的除油裝置開發(fā)工作。通過對油水沉降罐的設計制造和對多相分離器的研發(fā)情況調(diào)研,比較兩種形式除油設備的共性特點和各自的優(yōu)點,設計運行成本低高效節(jié)能的新型裝置,使除油效率明顯提升。通過對產(chǎn)品進行不斷優(yōu)化設計,可以進一步提高油水分離的效率。本項目的研究對整個除油系統(tǒng)的工藝流程,設備的結(jié)構(gòu)有了更深入的了解。
[Abstract]:In the oil field petrochemical industry, many links in the process flow will produce oily wastewater. Crude oil produced by the pumping equipment operating daily in the oil extraction plant and the refining process in the petrochemical industry. Oil storage transportation and other industries produce oily wastewater the coolant used in mechanical processing steel mill rolling water and agricultural and auxiliary food processing wastewater all contain a large amount of oil. Oil-water separation technology is widely used in the above fields. In the process flow of oil-water separation in oil field, under the same conditions of injection and effluent, the volume of the new deoiling equipment is greatly reduced compared with the deoiling process of the sewage settling tank, and the operation cost of the deoiling equipment is reduced, the operation is stable, and the mud discharge is convenient. Replace the current large tank oil removal equipment, to achieve international leading level. When the oil-water mixture is not separated into the natural environment, it will have a serious impact on the ecosystem and the natural environment. For example, the oil slick produced by the mixed liquid flowing into the lake produces a kind of oil film on the water surface which hinders the atmospheric reoxygenation, thus isolating the source of oxygen in the water, so that the plankton and fish in the water cannot survive. Compared with the traditional vertical settling tank, the application layer stacked oil remover shortens the settling period and shortens the period by nearly 35%. The work efficiency is improved and the oil and water treatment process of the whole joint station is faster. This equipment can save hundreds of thousands of yuan in cost every year, and the oil and water after separating oil and water can be reused to realize economic benefit. The main methods of water treatment at home and abroad include gravity separation, air floatation, coarse granulation and mixed medicament. In the last ten years, the physics of simple vertical settling tank is used as a kind of oil removal method in gravity separation method, which is characterized by the fact that oil and water separation will not produce secondary pollution, and the simple operation cost of the product is low, which is a hot research topic of scholars both at home and abroad. The minimum particle diameter of 60 渭 m can be removed by gravity separation. In recent years, the new multilayer corrugated plate oil remover has been used to reduce the minimum diameter of oil droplets to 40 渭 m. If the coalescence separation method is combined with the gravity separation method, the suitable corrugated plate is selected, the corrugated plate coalescence technique is adopted, and the structure of the two types of oil remover is further improved and merged. The method of gravity deoiling can be used to treat the separation of oil and water. The reason why corrugated coalescence deoiling has excellent oil removal effect is mainly attributed to two aspects: vertical laminated oil remover has high economy and high stability. In the future, reasonable and effective process parameters and structures should be formulated, dehydration and oil removal efficiency will be remarkable, energy utilization ratio will be improved, technological process will be simplified, and it will be widely used in process and technical design and transformation. The existing oil and water separation treatment technology is applied to analyze and summarize each treatment method to find out their own characteristics of oil removal. And according to the design of high-efficiency, energy-saving original intention, find out the suitable method of oil removal. And carry on the data analysis. I participated in the design of a space-saving and efficient deoiling device for an extension project of an oil production plant. By investigating the design and manufacture of oil-water settling tank and the research and development of multiphase separator, this paper compares the common characteristics and respective advantages of the two kinds of oil removing equipment, and designs a new type of equipment with low operating cost, high efficiency and energy saving, which can obviously improve the efficiency of oil removal. The efficiency of oil-water separation can be further improved by continuously optimizing the product design. The research of this project has a deeper understanding of the process flow and equipment structure of the whole oil removal system.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE937;X741
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本文編號：2391623