小清河流域生態(tài)健康評(píng)估研究
[Abstract]:The deterioration of watershed ecological environment has gradually become one of the key factors restricting the sustainable development of regional social economy. Xiaoqing River Basin plays an important role in the economic development and ecological civilization construction of Shandong Province. A healthy ecological environment of the basin is of great strategic significance to maintain ecological security and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society in Xiaoqing River Basin and even in the whole province. Based on the investigation of ecological environment in Xiaoqing River Basin in 2015, the ecological health assessment system of Xiaoqing River Basin was established, and the evaluation system was used to study the ecological health of Xiaoqing River Basin, such as Mulizhuang, Wuliuzhao, Xinfengzhuang, etc. Tangkou Bridge-West Gate, Fan Lizhuang, Wang Road Gate, 6 assessment units of water and land ecosystem health. Through quantitative and qualitative assessment, the ecological health grade and distribution characteristics of Xiaoqing River Basin were obtained, and the priority targets for the protection and management of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems were identified. The results show that: 1, the effect of pollution control in Xiaoqing River Basin is remarkable. On the one hand, the water quality of Xiaoqing River basin has been improved obviously. The COD and NH3-N concentrations of the main pollutants in Xiaoqing River decreased significantly. By 2015, the average annual concentrations of COD and NH3-N were 23.04mg/L and 2.20 mg / L respectively, which were 53.2% and 81.9% lower than those in 2008, respectively. On the other hand, biodiversity has increased significantly. Fish species have recovered to 27 species and species diversity has gradually recovered. The diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton is generally superior to the level of late 1980s. 2. The main land use type in Xiaoqing River Basin is cultivated land. Compared with the land use in 2008 and 2015, the area of construction land, grassland and woodland increased, while the area of wetland, unused land and farmland decreased. The soil erosion in Xiaoqing River basin is dominated by micro-erosion, which is mainly concentrated in the northern plain of the basin, and the area of moderate soil erosion is less, and it is mainly concentrated in the mountainous area of the southern part of the basin. The water conservation condition of Mulizhuang evaluation unit was good, and the water conservation condition of Wuliuzheng evaluation unit was poor. 3. The ecological health status of Xiaoqing river basin was generally "general" with a comprehensive score of 58.68. As the source of the main stream of Xiaoqing River, the assessment unit of Mulizhuang has the highest level of ecological health, with a score of 63.96, which is at a "good" level. The ecological health status of Wuliuzheng and Xinfengzhuang evaluation units was poor and was in the "average" level, with scores of 48.41 and 57.50, respectively. The ecological health status of the assessment units of Tangkou Bridge-West Gate, Fan Li Village and Wang Dao Gate were all "good", with a score of 60.36 (60.17) and 61.69 respectively. The overall characteristics of ecological health in Xiaoqing River basin are as follows: the source basin is relatively best, the middle and upper reaches watershed ecological health status is relatively poor, with the lower reaches of pollution load reduced and the basin ecosystem self-repair function, The ecological condition of the lower reaches gradually recovered to a "good" level. The study of ecosystem health assessment on the scale of Xiaoqing River basin can provide theoretical support and basis for environmental planning, management, ecological protection and integrated control of the basin, which is of great significance to the maintenance of ecological health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:X826
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