【摘要】：好氧顆粒污泥具有沉降性好、生物量較高且耐沖擊負荷能力更強的優(yōu)點,但較長的培養(yǎng)周期限制了它的發(fā)展。為了縮短顆粒污泥的形成時間,投加鋁鹽進行強化造粒。為考察鋁鹽在顆粒污泥形成過程中的作用,本文探討了不同鋁鹽混凝劑的投加對顆粒污泥形態(tài)及基本特性的影響;解析鋁元素在污泥成長過程中的含量變化和空間分布規(guī)律;分析造粒過程中EPS的含量及分布變化;并研究不同SBR反應器中顆粒污泥對污染物的處理效果。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)在SBR運行的第10-16 d,通過投加PAC和硫酸鋁的方式培養(yǎng)好氧顆粒。投加PAC(R2)和硫酸鋁(R3)均加速了污泥顆�；倪M程,與對照相比,投加鋁鹽的污泥顆�；瘯r間提前了10 d,且污泥的粒徑增長較快。在反應器運行的32 d時,R1、R2和R3中顆粒污泥的MLSS分別為3.9 g/L、5.0 g/L、5.2 g/L;SVI分別為74 m L/g、78 m L/g、58 m L/g,投加硫酸鋁污泥的物理性能優(yōu)于PAC。(2)EPS分析結(jié)果表明:在顆粒污泥的成長期(8-25 d),和對照組相比較(R1),投加PAC(R2)和投加硫酸鋁(R3)使得LB-EPS和TB-EPS含量均增加,且LB-EPS含量的增幅較大,進而加快了顆粒污泥的形成。而各類EPS中蛋白物質(zhì)的含量均為先增加后降低再緩慢增加的過程。三維熒光圖譜表明,在反應器的運行過程中,21 d污泥EPS中峰B、D和E的熒光強度大于50 d,投加鋁鹽對成熟的顆粒污泥EPS化學結(jié)構(gòu)影響小,紅外圖譜表明,R1、R2和R3中污泥EPS的官能團均為蛋白質(zhì)二級結(jié)構(gòu)AmideⅢ和多糖類。(3)在16-29 d的階段內(nèi),投加PAC的污泥中鋁元素含量由30.46%降至0.43%。而投加硫酸鋁的污泥中鋁元素含量由45.69%降至13.29%。反應器運行至第42 d時,投加硫酸鋁的污泥中鋁元素含量為1.09%,明顯高于經(jīng)PAC強化的污泥(0.02%)。(4)投加不同類鋁鹽強化造粒的作用可能并不相同,PAC的投加通過絮凝作用粘結(jié)微生物,并強化EPS的分泌,EPS與細菌間的橋連作用聚集了微生物。硫酸鋁的投加使生物聚集體內(nèi)部形成了一個富含鋁元素的核心,并促使EPS總量的增多,從而加快好氧污泥的顆�；M程。(5)在顆粒污泥的成長階段,對照組(R1)、投加PAC(R2)和投加硫酸鋁(R3)污泥的細菌總數(shù)均呈現(xiàn)增加趨勢,鋁鹽的投加對污泥中的細菌總數(shù)無明顯影響。在30-41 d時,好氧顆粒中的細菌總數(shù)基本不變,R1、R2和R3好氧污泥的細菌總數(shù)分別為:6.7×109 cfu/g,1.03×1010 cfu/g和7×109 cfu/g。通過FISH技術(shù)分析18 d時好氧污泥中的微生物分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)R2污泥中微生物均勻分布,R3中微生物分布不均,且中心微生物較少。投加鋁鹽的好氧污泥均為類似圓形的外形,R1中好氧污泥的形態(tài)無規(guī)則。(6)投加PAC(R2)和硫酸鋁(R3)的顆粒污泥COD平均去除率均為98%,而未投加混凝劑(R1)的污泥去除率為93%;R1、R2和R3中好氧顆粒污泥對氨氮的去除率分別為75%、81%和75%。
[Abstract]:Aerobic granular sludge has the advantages of good sedimentation, high biomass and stronger impact load resistance, but its development is limited by the long culture period. In order to shorten the forming time of granular sludge, aluminum salt was added to strengthen granulation. In order to investigate the role of aluminum salt in the formation of granular sludge, the effects of different aluminum salt coagulants on the morphology and basic characteristics of granular sludge were discussed, and the changes of aluminum content and spatial distribution in sludge growth were analyzed. The content and distribution of EPS in granulation process were analyzed, and the effects of granular sludge in different SBR reactors on the treatment of pollutants were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) aerobic particles were cultured by adding PAC and aluminum sulfate at 10-16 days of SBR. The process of sludge granulation was accelerated by adding PAC (R2) and aluminum sulfate (R3). Compared with the control, the granulation time of the sludge added with aluminum salt was 10 days earlier, and the particle size of sludge increased faster. The MLSS of granular sludge in R _ 1 ~ 2 ~ 2 and R _ 3 was 3.9 g / L ~ (5.0) g / L ~ (5. 2) g / L ~ (5.2) g / L, respectively, when the reactor was running for 32 days. The physical properties of the sludge added with aluminum sulfate were superior to those of PAC. (2) EPS analysis. The results showed that in the growth period of granular sludge (8-25 d),) compared with control group (R1), the physical properties of the sludge added with aluminum sulfate were better than those of the control group (R1). The addition of PAC (R2) and aluminum sulfate (R3) increased the contents of LB-EPS and TB-EPS, and the content of LB-EPS increased greatly, which accelerated the formation of granular sludge. The content of protein in all kinds of EPS increased first and then decreased and then increased slowly. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that the fluorescence intensities of peak B _ (D) and E in EPS were more than 50 days during the operation of the reactor. The effect of aluminum salt on the chemical structure of mature granular sludge (EPS) was small. The infrared spectra showed that, R _ (1), and B _ (D) and E were more than 50 days. The functional groups of sludge EPS in R2 and R3 were protein secondary structure Amide 鈪，

本文編號：2380426