十九世紀(jì)中后期西歐政黨政治的發(fā)展與第二國(guó)際的變遷研究
[Abstract]:With the end of bourgeois revolution in the middle and late 19th century, Western European society entered a period of relative "peace". In economy, the rapid development of productive forces has caused profound changes in relations of production. Western European countries have successively established a modern industrial system with heavy industry as the main body, and monopoly capital has generally emerged. In politics, the establishment of representative democracy and the further expansion of universal suffrage made political parties and various social organizations rise and develop rapidly. The development of productive forces brought about economic prosperity and intensified the inherent basic contradictions of capitalism. The international labor movement gradually recovered after experiencing the shadow of the failure of the Paris Commune. Under the guidance of Marx and Engels, the working class and its political parties used the democratic politics at that time to reorganize themselves and regard universal suffrage as the main struggle way, which successfully solved the legitimacy of political parties. The second International was founded under this background of the times. From the beginning of its establishment, the second International is confronted with the fact that modern democracy-party politics in Western Europe is developing. With the legalization of democratic politics and the expansion of universal suffrage, election becomes a typical feature of political democracy, and political party organizations and ideas are becoming more and more open. On the one hand, the bourgeois party gradually changed from the traditional "power party" to the mass party. On the other hand, the working-class political parties in various countries have adapted to the trend of democratic development and become increasingly accustomed to using the legal means of democracy to obtain benefits, and have made remarkable achievements. The second International disintegrated in the process of the continuous development of party politics. As to why the second International went bankrupt, the scholars mainly looked for the reason from the inside of the second International and made it independent from the historical conditions at that time, so it is difficult to draw a conclusion of seeking truth from facts. As the international alliance of the socialist political parties, the second International is in the background of the modernization and democratization of Western Europe, while as the socialist political parties of all countries, they are in a certain domestic situation. This thesis begins with the development of democratic politics, and analyzes the influence of the development of party politics on the second international change. The paper mainly adopts the literature research method. Through a large number of literature studies, we find the internal relationship between the second International and the development of party politics in the middle and late 19th century in Western Europe. Party politics has provided the stage and carrier for the peace movement, alleviated class contradictions to a certain extent, and at the same time attracted the attention of the working class and its political parties to parliamentary activities, which cannot be reversed. It objectively coincides with the universal law of contemporary social and political development. Therefore, the bankruptcy of the second International has to be attributed to reality, which is the inevitable result of the development of democratic politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:D05
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