后唐幕府研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-16 20:17
【摘要】：后唐幕府的發(fā)展嚴格來說可以大致分為兩個時期,公元923年,李存勖滅梁則是這兩個時期的分界線。前期開始的重要標志是唐僖宗中和三年(883年),唐王朝正式將河東節(jié)度使一職授予李克用,從此先后以李克用、李存勖父子為幕主的河東幕府開始逐漸建立、發(fā)展和壯大。后期則是以李存勖滅亡朱梁,定鼎中原為起點,原來屬于河東幕府的一些幕職人員上升為中央官吏。與此同時,改朝換代也促使各個方鎮(zhèn)的幕府格局開始發(fā)生了一系列的變化,一些有才能的士人通過地方上的舉薦、個人主動歸附、國家選拔等多種形式來到中央做官。雖然此舉緩解了中央官僚機構(gòu)大面積闕官的局面,但同時也造成了方鎮(zhèn)幕府人才的匱乏。為此,后唐建立以后對方鎮(zhèn)幕府自辟僚屬的限制較為寬松,各個方鎮(zhèn)開始積極延攬士人進入幕府,充實幕職,以維持幕府機構(gòu)的正常運轉(zhuǎn)。 后唐幕府前期的發(fā)展具有擴張性和對抗性兩方面的特征。擴張性表現(xiàn)在李克用、李存勖以河東節(jié)度使幕府為中心,逐步的向周邊擴張,原來屬于河東幕府的幕僚被派往新控制的地區(qū)擔任節(jié)度使、留后等職,從而建立了許多新的幕府。從本質(zhì)上說,這些都是河東幕府的外延,處于相對附屬的地位；對抗性主要表現(xiàn)在河東幕府擴張的過程當中始終與后梁處于對峙狀態(tài),雙方為搶占地盤展開了數(shù)十年之久的爭奪。河東幕府正是在復(fù)雜的歷史條件下不斷的變化和發(fā)展。 后唐幕府的發(fā)展離不開眾多幕僚的作用。在唐末國家政局動蕩,各種典章制度不能得到很好遵循的歷史情形下,一大批士人通過入幕來施展自己的才華。一方面,眾多有識之士進入各個方鎮(zhèn)幕府,擔任諸如掌書記、行軍司馬、支使、推官、巡官等幕職。這些人在為幕主服務(wù)的過程當中,在對外征戰(zhàn),幕府機構(gòu)的正常運轉(zhuǎn),地方治理,方鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟財賦的經(jīng)營等諸多方面都發(fā)揮了重大作用,大大增強了各個方鎮(zhèn)的實力。另一方面諸方鎮(zhèn)幕府的幕主出于自身生存的考慮,也不遺余力的招賢納士。特別是河東節(jié)度使幕府表現(xiàn)的尤為突出,李克用、李存勖父子兩代人通過血緣、地緣等途徑不斷地吸引人才充實壯大自己的幕府。后來在與后梁的爭奪中也證明了此舉的重要性。 后唐以后,針對各方鎮(zhèn)自行辟舉幕僚的情況,政府出臺了一系列的限制措施,但從整個實行情況來看,效果并不太明顯。在這個問題上,很可能有兩方面的因素共同造就了這樣的局面。一是,除了河東、河中、潞州、魏州等幾個方鎮(zhèn)外,大多數(shù)方鎮(zhèn)都是新近歸附的,朝廷還無力對其進行嚴格的控制,因而政策的執(zhí)行力就會大打折扣。二是,后唐建立后,臨時設(shè)立的行營幕府也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),如李繼岌伐蜀就是其中的典型例子。這些臨時性質(zhì)的行營幕府除了中央指派的隨軍官吏外,幕主還可以根據(jù)實際的需要,在幕府之外選拔一些人才進入到幕府中來,擔任相應(yīng)的幕職。 后唐幕府從唐末到后晉建立前,延續(xù)了近半個世紀。前期以河東幕府為中心,為后唐的建立打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ),后期在國家統(tǒng)一管理下,又體現(xiàn)出了中央與地方之間的錯綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。如何來認識后唐幕府的歷史作用是值得研究的課題。
[Abstract]:The development of the post-Tang Dynasty is strictly divided into two periods, in which, in the year of 923, the Li Cunyi fire-fighting beam is the dividing line between the two periods. The important sign that began in the early stage was the Tang Dynasty and three years (883 years). The Tang Dynasty officially awarded the post to the Tang Dynasty, and then began to build, develop and strengthen the East of the River, which is the main of the staff of Li and his father and son. In the later period, Li Cunyuan was destroyed by Zhu Liang, and in the Central Plains as the starting point, some of the staff members who had originally belonged to the East of the river rose to the central official. At the same time, the change of the new dynasty also led to a series of changes in the pattern of the people's government, and some talented scholars have come to the central government by means of the local recommendation, the individual initiative, the national selection and so on. Although the move has eased the situation of the central bureaucracy, it has also caused a shortage of people in Fangzhen's staff. To this end, after the establishment of the post-Tang, the other party's government of the other party's government was more relaxed, and the town began to actively recruit the scholars to enter the office and fill in the curtain to maintain the normal operation of the office. The development of the early Tang Dynasty was both expansionary and adversarial. The expansionary performance was in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Cunyi made the curtain as the center in the east section of the river, and gradually expanded to the periphery. The curtain was sent to the newly-controlled area by the curtain of the river, so as to set up a number of new curtains. In essence, these are the epitaxy of the river and the relative subordinate position; the antagonism is mainly in the state of confrontation with the rear beam during the expansion of the river and the east, and the two sides have been fighting for decades to seize the site. It is in the complex historical condition that the East of the river is changing and sending. The development of the post-Tang Dynasty cannot be separated from a large number of staff In the event of the political turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty and the historical circumstances that the various allusions were unable to follow, a large number of people used to do their work by entering the curtain On the one hand, a large number of people of insight entered the town of the town, serving as the secretary of the palm, the horse of the march, the support, the pusher, the inspector. In the process of serving the curtain, these people have played a major role in the aspects of external competition, normal operation of the office, local governance, and the operation of the economic and financial resources of Fangzhen, which greatly enhanced the town of each party. On the other hand, on the other hand, the curtain of the people in the town of the other side, for their own survival, will spare no effort. In particular, the river-east section made it a special highlight of the government, and the two generations of Li's and his father and son continued to attract the talents to enrich themselves through the way of blood, geography, and so on. The house of the office. Later in the fight with the post-beam, it also proved the move. Importance. After the Tang Dynasty, the government issued a series of restrictions on the situation of self-propelled by all the parties, but in the light of the whole implementation, the effect It's not so obvious. In this case, it's likely that there are two factors that make it together. The first is that, in addition to several square towns such as the river, the river, the Mississippi and the Weizhou, most of the town is newly attached, and the court can't control it strictly, so the execution of the policy Second, after the establishment of the later Tang Dynasty, the temporary establishment of the camp, such as Li Jiu-Shu, is one of them. A typical example of these temporary properties is that, in addition to the centrally-assigned military officials, the chief of staff can select a number of people outside the office to enter the office in addition to the actual needs The post of the late Tang Dynasty from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the post-Jin establishment. It continued for nearly a half a century. In the early period, a solid foundation was laid for the establishment of the post-Tang, and the later period, under the unified management of the state, embodied the central and the local. The complex relationship. How to know the historical role of the post-Tang Dynasty
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K243
本文編號：2478532
[Abstract]:The development of the post-Tang Dynasty is strictly divided into two periods, in which, in the year of 923, the Li Cunyi fire-fighting beam is the dividing line between the two periods. The important sign that began in the early stage was the Tang Dynasty and three years (883 years). The Tang Dynasty officially awarded the post to the Tang Dynasty, and then began to build, develop and strengthen the East of the River, which is the main of the staff of Li and his father and son. In the later period, Li Cunyuan was destroyed by Zhu Liang, and in the Central Plains as the starting point, some of the staff members who had originally belonged to the East of the river rose to the central official. At the same time, the change of the new dynasty also led to a series of changes in the pattern of the people's government, and some talented scholars have come to the central government by means of the local recommendation, the individual initiative, the national selection and so on. Although the move has eased the situation of the central bureaucracy, it has also caused a shortage of people in Fangzhen's staff. To this end, after the establishment of the post-Tang, the other party's government of the other party's government was more relaxed, and the town began to actively recruit the scholars to enter the office and fill in the curtain to maintain the normal operation of the office. The development of the early Tang Dynasty was both expansionary and adversarial. The expansionary performance was in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Cunyi made the curtain as the center in the east section of the river, and gradually expanded to the periphery. The curtain was sent to the newly-controlled area by the curtain of the river, so as to set up a number of new curtains. In essence, these are the epitaxy of the river and the relative subordinate position; the antagonism is mainly in the state of confrontation with the rear beam during the expansion of the river and the east, and the two sides have been fighting for decades to seize the site. It is in the complex historical condition that the East of the river is changing and sending. The development of the post-Tang Dynasty cannot be separated from a large number of staff In the event of the political turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty and the historical circumstances that the various allusions were unable to follow, a large number of people used to do their work by entering the curtain On the one hand, a large number of people of insight entered the town of the town, serving as the secretary of the palm, the horse of the march, the support, the pusher, the inspector. In the process of serving the curtain, these people have played a major role in the aspects of external competition, normal operation of the office, local governance, and the operation of the economic and financial resources of Fangzhen, which greatly enhanced the town of each party. On the other hand, on the other hand, the curtain of the people in the town of the other side, for their own survival, will spare no effort. In particular, the river-east section made it a special highlight of the government, and the two generations of Li's and his father and son continued to attract the talents to enrich themselves through the way of blood, geography, and so on. The house of the office. Later in the fight with the post-beam, it also proved the move. Importance. After the Tang Dynasty, the government issued a series of restrictions on the situation of self-propelled by all the parties, but in the light of the whole implementation, the effect It's not so obvious. In this case, it's likely that there are two factors that make it together. The first is that, in addition to several square towns such as the river, the river, the Mississippi and the Weizhou, most of the town is newly attached, and the court can't control it strictly, so the execution of the policy Second, after the establishment of the later Tang Dynasty, the temporary establishment of the camp, such as Li Jiu-Shu, is one of them. A typical example of these temporary properties is that, in addition to the centrally-assigned military officials, the chief of staff can select a number of people outside the office to enter the office in addition to the actual needs The post of the late Tang Dynasty from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the post-Jin establishment. It continued for nearly a half a century. In the early period, a solid foundation was laid for the establishment of the post-Tang, and the later period, under the unified management of the state, embodied the central and the local. The complex relationship. How to know the historical role of the post-Tang Dynasty
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K243
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