【摘要】：本文重新認(rèn)識(shí)了漢代的土地制度。漢代是國(guó)家掌握全部的土地,土地按管理的部門(mén)可分為兩部分,一個(gè)部分屬于郡國(guó)地方政府代表中央管轄；另一部分屬于少府等中央機(jī)構(gòu)直接管轄。授田制是兩漢基本的土地制度,授田由地方政府執(zhí)行,授田后土地歸私人所有,可以轉(zhuǎn)讓、繼承和買(mǎi)賣(mài)。之后本文探討了漢代小農(nóng)制、租佃制、雇傭制、奴隸制不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織。先從土地制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的研究入手,論證商鞅變法是大共同體與個(gè)人結(jié)合,瓦解了小共同體。指出秦始皇統(tǒng)一六國(guó)后秦朝的土地制度與經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序與秦國(guó)時(shí)并不完全相同。授田制是漢代的基本土地制度,權(quán)貴集團(tuán)享有土地賦稅方面的特權(quán)。漢代小農(nóng)之間生產(chǎn)要素的自由交易有效的保障了小農(nóng)的生產(chǎn)效率。小農(nóng)家庭收入的多渠道化,使小農(nóng)得以維持家庭的生計(jì)和參加社交性活動(dòng),并保障人口的再生產(chǎn)。漢代小農(nóng)與商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系密切。本文以土地出租者或可能的出租者分類(lèi)考察漢代的租佃制,指出漢代租佃制并不發(fā)達(dá),地租應(yīng)為定額租而且基本為級(jí)差地租。漢代的雇傭可分為逐利性和求生型兩類(lèi),農(nóng)業(yè)中的雇傭多是短期性,很難維持一家人的生計(jì),但是與租佃制與奴隸制相比較,漢代的雇傭較為普遍和發(fā)達(dá)。漢代的奴隸制可分為家庭內(nèi)小生產(chǎn)型與大土地經(jīng)營(yíng)型兩類(lèi),后者與商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系相關(guān)聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:This paper re-understood the land system of Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was the state owned all the land, according to the department of land management can be divided into two parts, one part belongs to the county local government representative central jurisdiction, the other part belongs to the Shaofu and other central authorities directly under the jurisdiction. The land grant system is the basic land system of Han Dynasty. The land grant system is executed by the local government. After the land grant is privately owned, it can be transferred, inherited and bought and sold. After that, this article discusses the small-scale farming system, the tenancy system, the employment system, and the different economic organizations of slavery in Han Dynasty. Starting with the study of land system and economic order, it is proved that Shang Yang's reform is the combination of large community and individual, and disintegrates the small community. It is pointed out that the land system and economic order of Qin Dynasty after the unification of the six countries by Qin Shihuang are not exactly the same as those of Qin State. The land grant system was the basic land system of the Han Dynasty, and the power group enjoyed the privilege of land taxation. The free trade of factors of production between small farmers in Han Dynasty effectively guaranteed the production efficiency of small farmers. The multi-channel income of small farmers makes it possible for small farmers to maintain their livelihood and participate in social activities, and to ensure the reproduction of the population. The relationship between small farmers and commodity economy in Han Dynasty was close. This paper reviews the tenancy system of Han Dynasty according to the classification of land lessor or possible lessor, and points out that the tenancy system of Han Dynasty is not developed, and the rent of land should be fixed rent and basically differential rent. The employment of Han Dynasty can be divided into profit-driven and seeking-for-growth type. The employment in agriculture is short-term, it is difficult to maintain the family's livelihood, but compared with the rent-tenancy system and slavery, the employment of Han Dynasty is more common and developed. Slavery in Han Dynasty can be divided into two types: family small production type and large land management type. The latter is related to commodity economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K234

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