論后三國(guó)時(shí)期的軍事格局
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-14 19:10
【摘要】：從梁中大通六年北魏一分為二,至陳太建九年北齊為北周所滅,期間一共三十四年,是為后三國(guó)時(shí)代。雖然這段時(shí)期不是很長(zhǎng),但是其軍事格局的演進(jìn)可謂內(nèi)容豐富、影響深遠(yuǎn)。從梁、東魏、西魏的“三元制衡”,到東魏(北齊)、西魏(北周)的“二元爭(zhēng)霸”,再到周陳對(duì)峙的“北強(qiáng)南弱”。三種格局依次轉(zhuǎn)變,中國(guó)的歷史亦為之風(fēng)云變動(dòng)。于是經(jīng)過了曲折、波動(dòng)的發(fā)展過程之后,統(tǒng)一南北的歷史出口最終在北朝出現(xiàn),從中走出一個(gè)生機(jī)勃勃、繁榮昌盛的隋唐帝國(guó)。 本文主要論述了四個(gè)問題。第一,東西魏初建期的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)演進(jìn)及梁朝軍事戰(zhàn)略部署的變化。從北魏永熙三年北魏一分為二,至東魏武定五年高歡的去世,東西魏戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一共持續(xù)了十三年。東魏所居領(lǐng)土,資源較西魏豐富,于是在這段時(shí)期的爭(zhēng)斗中,一直都是東魏壓著西魏,但是宇文泰依舊還是能夠固守住關(guān)隴地區(qū),將高歡大軍擋在潼關(guān)、河?xùn)|以外。而梁朝乘著東西魏于北方大戰(zhàn)之時(shí),派兵北伐兩國(guó)。其中北伐東魏,因其本身用人不當(dāng)及和實(shí)力上的差距,最終未能取得任何成果。北伐西魏雖然奪取了梁州地區(qū),但是也由于東魏南侵和蕭梁內(nèi)部宗室爭(zhēng)斗而未能進(jìn)一步開疆?dāng)U土。于是三國(guó)一直保持著相互制衡的軍事格局。第二,侯景之亂與后三國(guó)軍事格局的變化。梁朝因侯景之亂已名存實(shí)亡,原先三元制衡的軍事格局被打破。東魏雖然沒有轉(zhuǎn)移其戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),但也在這場(chǎng)動(dòng)亂中獲得了江淮地區(qū)。西魏則將戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)南移,占領(lǐng)了梁朝的雍州、漢東、益梁、江陵等地區(qū),使得國(guó)力有了顯著的增強(qiáng)。如此便形成了西魏、北齊二元爭(zhēng)霸的軍事格局。第三,梁陳之際南朝政權(quán)與北朝軍事格局的演進(jìn)。齊與北周均各自以對(duì)方為軍事戰(zhàn)略的重點(diǎn),南方并不是軍事戰(zhàn)略的重心。從陳朝的角度來說,雖然土豪酋帥為政權(quán)帶來了新的活力,使得北朝政權(quán)不敢輕易南侵,但土豪酋帥也成為陳朝內(nèi)部一個(gè)棘手的問題,使得陳朝將主要精力放在解決這一問題上,加之退居長(zhǎng)江后北伐難度的加大,陳朝短時(shí)間內(nèi)沒有力量再進(jìn)行北伐。陳最終與北朝東西兩大政權(quán)確立對(duì)峙局面,“北強(qiáng)南弱”已成雛形。第四,后三國(guó)末期南北方的軍事格局。陳宣帝太建北伐既是其戰(zhàn)略方向的轉(zhuǎn)變,也是陳初國(guó)策的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)。雖然陳朝致力于崛起,從恢復(fù)三元制衡格局,到希冀建立南北二元對(duì)立的格局,但是終因戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的失誤,繼續(xù)困守于長(zhǎng)江以南,從而形成了“北強(qiáng)南弱”的軍事格局。
[Abstract]:From Liang Zhongtong six years the Northern Wei Dynasty divided into two, to Chen Taijian nine years Bei Qi was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a total of 34 years, for the post-three Kingdoms era. Although this period of time is not very long, but the evolution of its military pattern can be described as rich and far-reaching impact. From Liang, East Wei, West Wei "triple checks and balances", to East Wei (Northern Qi), Western Wei (Northern Zhou) "dualistic struggle for hegemony", to Zhou Chen confrontation "North strong South weak". The three patterns change sequentially, and the history of China is also changing. After a tortuous and fluctuating development, the historical export of the unification of the North and the South finally appeared in the Northern Dynasty, from which a vibrant and prosperous Sui and Tang empires emerged. This paper mainly discusses four problems. First, the evolution of the war in the early period of the East-West Wei Dynasty and the changes in the military strategic deployment of Liang Dynasty. The East-West Wei War lasted 13 years from the three years of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the death of Gao Huan in the five years of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. East Wei lived in the territory, resources are richer than the Western Wei, so in this period of struggle, has been the East Wei pressure on the West Wei, but Yu Wentai still can still hold on to Guanlong area, will Gao Huan army in Tongguan, Hedong outside. Liang Dynasty, while riding the East and West Wei in the Northern War, sent troops to the two countries. The Northern Expedition of the East Wei, due to its own improper employment and strength gap, ultimately failed to achieve any results. Although the Northern Expedition of the Western Wei Dynasty seized the Liangzhou area, but also because of the invasion of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the internal clan struggle of Xiao Liang, it was not possible to further expand the land. As a result, the three countries have maintained a military structure of mutual checks and balances. Second, the chaos of Hou Jingzhi and the changes in the military structure of the post-three countries. Liang Chao because of the chaos of Hou Jingzhi, the original three-element balance of the military structure has been broken. Although the East Wei did not shift its strategic objectives, but also in the turmoil in the Jianghuai region. The Western Wei Dynasty moved the strategic objectives southward, occupying Yongzhou, Handong, Yiliang, Jiangling and other areas of Liang Dynasty, which greatly enhanced the national strength. Thus formed the Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi dualistic military pattern. Thirdly, the evolution of the military structure of the Southern and Northern dynasties between Liang and Chen. Qi and Northern Zhou each take each other as the focus of military strategy, the south is not the focus of military strategy. From the perspective of Chen Dynasty, although Tuhao Chiefa brought new vitality to the regime, making it difficult for the Northern Dynasty regime to invade the south easily, but Tuhao Chiefa also became a thorny issue within the Chen Dynasty. It made Chen Dynasty focus on solving this problem, and the difficulty of Northern Expedition after retiring from the Yangtze River, Chen Dynasty did not have the strength to carry out the Northern Expedition in a short period of time. Chen finally established a stand-off with the East and West regimes of the Northern Dynasty, "North strong, South weak" has become the embryonic form. Fourth, the military pattern in the north and south of the last three countries. Chen Xuandi's Northern Expedition was not only the change of its strategic direction, but also the further emphasis of Chen's early state policy. Although the Chen Dynasty was committed to the rise, from restoring the triple balance pattern to hoping to establish the North-South binary opposition pattern, but because of strategic and tactical mistakes, he continued to cling to the south of the Yangtze River, thus forming a military pattern of "North strong and South weak".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K239
本文編號(hào)：2440282
[Abstract]:From Liang Zhongtong six years the Northern Wei Dynasty divided into two, to Chen Taijian nine years Bei Qi was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a total of 34 years, for the post-three Kingdoms era. Although this period of time is not very long, but the evolution of its military pattern can be described as rich and far-reaching impact. From Liang, East Wei, West Wei "triple checks and balances", to East Wei (Northern Qi), Western Wei (Northern Zhou) "dualistic struggle for hegemony", to Zhou Chen confrontation "North strong South weak". The three patterns change sequentially, and the history of China is also changing. After a tortuous and fluctuating development, the historical export of the unification of the North and the South finally appeared in the Northern Dynasty, from which a vibrant and prosperous Sui and Tang empires emerged. This paper mainly discusses four problems. First, the evolution of the war in the early period of the East-West Wei Dynasty and the changes in the military strategic deployment of Liang Dynasty. The East-West Wei War lasted 13 years from the three years of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the death of Gao Huan in the five years of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. East Wei lived in the territory, resources are richer than the Western Wei, so in this period of struggle, has been the East Wei pressure on the West Wei, but Yu Wentai still can still hold on to Guanlong area, will Gao Huan army in Tongguan, Hedong outside. Liang Dynasty, while riding the East and West Wei in the Northern War, sent troops to the two countries. The Northern Expedition of the East Wei, due to its own improper employment and strength gap, ultimately failed to achieve any results. Although the Northern Expedition of the Western Wei Dynasty seized the Liangzhou area, but also because of the invasion of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the internal clan struggle of Xiao Liang, it was not possible to further expand the land. As a result, the three countries have maintained a military structure of mutual checks and balances. Second, the chaos of Hou Jingzhi and the changes in the military structure of the post-three countries. Liang Chao because of the chaos of Hou Jingzhi, the original three-element balance of the military structure has been broken. Although the East Wei did not shift its strategic objectives, but also in the turmoil in the Jianghuai region. The Western Wei Dynasty moved the strategic objectives southward, occupying Yongzhou, Handong, Yiliang, Jiangling and other areas of Liang Dynasty, which greatly enhanced the national strength. Thus formed the Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi dualistic military pattern. Thirdly, the evolution of the military structure of the Southern and Northern dynasties between Liang and Chen. Qi and Northern Zhou each take each other as the focus of military strategy, the south is not the focus of military strategy. From the perspective of Chen Dynasty, although Tuhao Chiefa brought new vitality to the regime, making it difficult for the Northern Dynasty regime to invade the south easily, but Tuhao Chiefa also became a thorny issue within the Chen Dynasty. It made Chen Dynasty focus on solving this problem, and the difficulty of Northern Expedition after retiring from the Yangtze River, Chen Dynasty did not have the strength to carry out the Northern Expedition in a short period of time. Chen finally established a stand-off with the East and West regimes of the Northern Dynasty, "North strong, South weak" has become the embryonic form. Fourth, the military pattern in the north and south of the last three countries. Chen Xuandi's Northern Expedition was not only the change of its strategic direction, but also the further emphasis of Chen's early state policy. Although the Chen Dynasty was committed to the rise, from restoring the triple balance pattern to hoping to establish the North-South binary opposition pattern, but because of strategic and tactical mistakes, he continued to cling to the south of the Yangtze River, thus forming a military pattern of "North strong and South weak".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K239
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 祝林;西魏至唐初長(zhǎng)安政權(quán)對(duì)河曲地區(qū)的經(jīng)營(yíng)[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2440282
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