【摘要】：王安石變法發(fā)生在北宋神宗熙寧、元豐年間,所以后來也被稱為熙寧變法或是熙豐變法。變法內(nèi)容針對當(dāng)時政府入不敷出的實況,著重于理財。盡管王安石變法行進(jìn)十六年后失敗,但是王安石變法對北宋產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響,尤其是變法之后北宋內(nèi)部兩派分立,糾紛不斷;徽宗權(quán)臣蔡京利用恢復(fù)變法的幌子為徽宗收刮天下膏脂,靖康之難后人們將北宋滅亡歸于王安石變法。但是通過梳理史料,在明代出現(xiàn)了一部分著作高度贊揚王安石變法,為王安石辯誣,贊揚王安石變法的內(nèi)容這種現(xiàn)象也有其背后深刻的社會根源。文章第一部分旨在論述王安石變法的內(nèi)容,及其所取得成果,并對王安石本人的歷史面貌進(jìn)行描述,著重在王安石性格方面。原因在于北宋之后諸多文人對王安石的看法主要集中在王安石變法的內(nèi)容、效果,以及王安石在變法過程中的性格問題。最后主要羅列宋元時期文人們對王安石及其變法的主要觀點。文章第二部分是全文的主體,主要論述明代對王安石變法的觀點出現(xiàn)的變化情況,主要包括王安石本人的性格、王安石變法的內(nèi)容與探討王安石變法失敗的原因。從中可以看出明代士人對王安石變法再認(rèn)識的特點,明代士人在對王安石變法進(jìn)行再認(rèn)識根基于明代所面臨的社會問題。這些問題與北宋有著相似的一面,所以論及如何解決問題之時,王安石變法提供了一定的參考意義。文章第三部分則試圖從發(fā)聲者所處的時代去論述明代政府所面臨的情況,從而更深入地去探究明代出現(xiàn)這種不同聲音的原因。明代士人對于政府運作有著自己的看法,這種看法突破了以往儒家的義利之辯,更加重視國家的富強。因而在渴望國家富強的情況下贊同王安石變法的內(nèi)容。文章的最后結(jié)論部分,指出明代處于一個大變革時期,明代士人也發(fā)出注重國富的聲音,但是朝堂之上對這種聲音置若罔聞。出現(xiàn)這種狀況的原因在于,這種注重國富的聲音本身也有一些缺陷,依舊秉持儒家的經(jīng)典出發(fā),并不符合當(dāng)時所需。但是也不可否認(rèn),儒家文化也存在變化,這種變化最后也可以發(fā)展出對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展有利的思想,只不過這種自己發(fā)展的途徑被西方殖民勢力的入侵所打斷。
[Abstract]:Wang Anshi reform took place in the Northern Song Dynasty Shenzong Xining, Yuan Feng years, so it was later known as Xining Reform or Xifeng Reform. The reform aimed at the fact that the government could not make ends meet at that time, focusing on financial management. Although Wang Anshi's reform failed after sixteen years of movement, it had a profound influence on the Northern Song Dynasty, especially the separation of the two factions in the Northern Song Dynasty after the reform, which resulted in constant disputes. Cai Jing, the minister of Huizong, took advantage of the cover of the restoration of the reform method for the Emperor Huizong to scrape the whole world. People attributed the death of the Northern Song Dynasty to Wang Anshi's reform after the hardship of Jing Kang. But through combing the historical data, in Ming Dynasty, there appeared some works that highly praised Wang Anshi's reform, defended the falsehood for Wang Anshi, praised the content of Wang Anshi's reform, and this phenomenon also had its profound social root behind it. The first part of the article aims to discuss the content of Wang Anshi's reform and its achievements, and describe the historical features of Wang Anshi, focusing on the personality of Wang Anshi. The reason is that after the Northern Song Dynasty, many scholars' views on Wang Anshi were mainly focused on the content, effect, and personality problems of Wang Anshi in the process of reform. Finally, the main list of the Song and Yuan dynasties literati on Wang Anshi and its reform of the main views. The second part of the article is the main body of the full text, mainly discusses the changes of the Ming Dynasty's views on Wang Anshi's reform, mainly including the personality of Wang Anshi himself, the content of Wang Anshi's reform and the reasons for the failure of Wang Anshi's reform. From this, we can see the characteristics of the scholars' reunderstanding of Wang Anshi's reform in Ming Dynasty, which is based on the social problems faced by the Ming Dynasty. These problems are similar to those of the Northern Song Dynasty, so Wang Anshi's reform provides some reference significance when it comes to how to solve the problems. In the third part, the author tries to discuss the situation of the government in Ming Dynasty from the era in which the speaker is living, so as to probe into the causes of the different voices in the Ming Dynasty. The scholars of the Ming Dynasty had their own views on the operation of the government, which broke through the Confucian argument of righteousness and interest and attached more importance to the prosperity and strength of the country. Therefore, in the case of longing for a strong and prosperous country, Wang Anshi agreed with the content of the reform. The last part of the article points out that the Ming Dynasty was in a period of great change, and the scholars of the Ming Dynasty also made the sound of paying attention to the wealth of the country, but it was ignored by the Chaotang. The reason for this situation is that the emphasis on national wealth has its own defects, still adhere to the Confucian classics, do not meet the needs of the time. But it is also undeniable that there are changes in Confucian culture, which can eventually develop ideas beneficial to economic development, but this way of development was interrupted by the invasion of Western colonial forces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248

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