封陲之守—宋遼河東熙寧劃界諸層面
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-01 16:52
【摘要】：發(fā)生于北宋熙寧年間的河東路宋遼劃界活動,是宋遼關系史的重要一頁,在澶淵以后的百年和平中,熙寧劃界是雙方邊界的惟一一次調(diào)整。 本文以河東沿邊山川形勢、堡寨口鋪的地理考釋為切入點,重點考察宋遼爭議地界的分布、規(guī)模和沿革,通過繪制較為精確劃界地圖,復原這一紛繁復雜的劃界事件。在此基礎上,本文將熙寧劃界納入到宋遼河東邊界百年經(jīng)營的背景中,著重探討宋遼時期的邊界經(jīng)營與邊界意識。 北宋初年,為削弱北漢、防御契丹南下,宋太祖、太宗朝開始實行堅壁清野政策,不斷將河東路北部與遼接壤的代州、寧化軍等地民戶內(nèi)徙,并禁止民戶拓耕塞下,這一舉措使河東邊境人戶凋零,至真宗朝“澶淵之盟”時,宋遼河東交界變?yōu)檫吔缒：摹敖亍薄?澶淵以后,宋遼兩國逐漸在長期和平交往中,將沿邊山脈上的長連城,作為雙方約定俗成的邊界線。宋人起初禁止本國民戶進入河東邊境,但作為對遼境居民不斷越過長連城、闖入“禁地”的反應,仁宗慶歷年后,宋亦開始著手經(jīng)營,于河東“禁地”根括土地,與遼政權漸起糾紛,但雙方的交涉尚停留在地方政府的層面。 至神宗朝熙寧年間,長期積累的邊界問題終于因遼方的強烈提議,進入國家層面的交涉過程。在熙寧七年以后的四年間,宋先后兩次遣大臣至邊境,與遼方進行了曠日持久的談判,并遣沈括作為特使,赴遼廷討論邊界事宜。在包括遼方調(diào)動邊境軍事力量等多種壓力下,宋廷在談判過程中步步退讓,最終確定以沿邊山脈分水嶺為劃界原則,宋雖因此失去分水嶺以北的部分疆域,但邊界得以明晰,兩國關系再次趨向緩和。熙寧劃界后,宋遼河東邊界基本保持穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),直至契丹為金人所滅。 熙寧劃界是發(fā)生于兩個成熟國家之間的邊界談判與劃界活動,它的重要意義,不僅在于體現(xiàn)宋遼河東邊界形態(tài)營從“禁地”到界線、經(jīng)營主體由地方升至國家的重大轉(zhuǎn)變,更為重要的是,雙方在劃界過程中對于州縣以下村堡、口鋪的錙銖必較、寸土必爭,以及最終形成的那條清晰的邊界線,將促使我們反思古代中央政權不重視邊界的陳論,從而引發(fā)對宋遼時期邊界經(jīng)營與邊界認識的再討論。
[Abstract]:The demarcation activity of Song and Liao on Hedong Road during the Xining period of Northern Song Dynasty was an important page in the history of Song and Liao relations. In the hundred years of peace after Chanyuan, the demarcation of Xining was the only adjustment of the boundary between the two sides. This paper focuses on the distribution, scale and evolution of the disputed land boundary of Song and Liao Dynasty, and restores this complicated demarcation event by drawing a more accurate map of demarcation. The paper takes the situation of mountains and rivers along the edge of Hedong River and the geographical textual research of Baozhaikoupu as the breakthrough point, focusing on the distribution, scale and evolution of the disputed land boundary of the Song and Liao dynasties. On this basis, this paper brings the demarcation of Xining into the background of the century-old management of the eastern boundary of Song Liao River, and probes into the boundary management and the consciousness of the boundary in the Song and Liao dynasties. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to weaken the Northern Han Dynasty, to defend Qidan from the south, the Song Taizu and Taizong dynasties began to implement the policy of firm walls and clear the wild, constantly moving the provinces bordering the northern part of Hedong Road with the Liao Dynasty, Ninghua Army, and other civilian households, and forbidding the people's households to expand and plug them down. This action made Hedong border households wither, until the true dynasty "Chanyuan alliance", Song-Liao River-east border into a vague border "forbidden land." After Chanyuan, the Song and Liao dynasties gradually established the border between the two countries in the long peaceful exchanges along the border mountains. At first, the Song people banned their families from entering the Hedong border, but in response to the residents of the Liao Dynasty crossing over the city of Changlian and breaking into the "forbidden land", Renzong Qing calendar year later, the Song Dynasty also began to operate, including the land at the root of the "forbidden land" in Hedong. The dispute with the Liao regime gradually arose, but the negotiation between the two sides remained at the level of the local government. To Shenzong dynasty Xining, the long-accumulated boundary problem finally entered the negotiation process at the national level because of Liao's strong proposal. In the four years after Xining seven years later, Song sent ministers to the border twice, held protracted negotiations with the Liao side, and sent Shen Kuo, as a special envoy, to the Liao court to discuss the border issues. Under various pressures, including the Liao side's mobilization of border military forces, the Song Dynasty retreated step by step during the negotiation process, and finally decided on the principle of dividing the watersheds along the border mountains as the demarcation principle. Although Song lost part of the territory to the north of the watershed, the boundary became clear. Relations between the two countries have once again tended to ease. After the demarcation of Xining, the eastern boundary of Song Liao River remained stable until Qidan was destroyed by Jin people. Xining demarcation is a border negotiation and demarcation activity between two mature countries. Its important significance is not only to reflect the significant change from "no-land" to "boundary line" in the eastern border of Song Dynasty and Liao River, and from the local level to the state. What is more important is that in the process of delimiting the boundary, the two sides' haggernaut over each other in the process of demarcation of villages and bunkers below the state and county levels, and the dispute over every inch of land, as well as the resulting clear boundary line, will prompt us to reflect on the old argument that the ancient central government did not attach importance to the border. So as to lead to the Song-Liao period border management and understanding of the boundary again discussion.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K244
本文編號：2397849
[Abstract]:The demarcation activity of Song and Liao on Hedong Road during the Xining period of Northern Song Dynasty was an important page in the history of Song and Liao relations. In the hundred years of peace after Chanyuan, the demarcation of Xining was the only adjustment of the boundary between the two sides. This paper focuses on the distribution, scale and evolution of the disputed land boundary of Song and Liao Dynasty, and restores this complicated demarcation event by drawing a more accurate map of demarcation. The paper takes the situation of mountains and rivers along the edge of Hedong River and the geographical textual research of Baozhaikoupu as the breakthrough point, focusing on the distribution, scale and evolution of the disputed land boundary of the Song and Liao dynasties. On this basis, this paper brings the demarcation of Xining into the background of the century-old management of the eastern boundary of Song Liao River, and probes into the boundary management and the consciousness of the boundary in the Song and Liao dynasties. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to weaken the Northern Han Dynasty, to defend Qidan from the south, the Song Taizu and Taizong dynasties began to implement the policy of firm walls and clear the wild, constantly moving the provinces bordering the northern part of Hedong Road with the Liao Dynasty, Ninghua Army, and other civilian households, and forbidding the people's households to expand and plug them down. This action made Hedong border households wither, until the true dynasty "Chanyuan alliance", Song-Liao River-east border into a vague border "forbidden land." After Chanyuan, the Song and Liao dynasties gradually established the border between the two countries in the long peaceful exchanges along the border mountains. At first, the Song people banned their families from entering the Hedong border, but in response to the residents of the Liao Dynasty crossing over the city of Changlian and breaking into the "forbidden land", Renzong Qing calendar year later, the Song Dynasty also began to operate, including the land at the root of the "forbidden land" in Hedong. The dispute with the Liao regime gradually arose, but the negotiation between the two sides remained at the level of the local government. To Shenzong dynasty Xining, the long-accumulated boundary problem finally entered the negotiation process at the national level because of Liao's strong proposal. In the four years after Xining seven years later, Song sent ministers to the border twice, held protracted negotiations with the Liao side, and sent Shen Kuo, as a special envoy, to the Liao court to discuss the border issues. Under various pressures, including the Liao side's mobilization of border military forces, the Song Dynasty retreated step by step during the negotiation process, and finally decided on the principle of dividing the watersheds along the border mountains as the demarcation principle. Although Song lost part of the territory to the north of the watershed, the boundary became clear. Relations between the two countries have once again tended to ease. After the demarcation of Xining, the eastern boundary of Song Liao River remained stable until Qidan was destroyed by Jin people. Xining demarcation is a border negotiation and demarcation activity between two mature countries. Its important significance is not only to reflect the significant change from "no-land" to "boundary line" in the eastern border of Song Dynasty and Liao River, and from the local level to the state. What is more important is that in the process of delimiting the boundary, the two sides' haggernaut over each other in the process of demarcation of villages and bunkers below the state and county levels, and the dispute over every inch of land, as well as the resulting clear boundary line, will prompt us to reflect on the old argument that the ancient central government did not attach importance to the border. So as to lead to the Song-Liao period border management and understanding of the boundary again discussion.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K244
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