發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-01 16:08

【摘要】：永佃制是中國(guó)在封建社會(huì)后期出現(xiàn)的一種租佃制度,這種制度下佃農(nóng)有權(quán)永久性地耕種地主土地。與內(nèi)地不同,在熱河與冀北這一塊區(qū)域,土地的永佃制又有其特殊性和復(fù)雜性。這一帶的土地大都屬于國(guó)有,在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),耕地的數(shù)量隨著開墾而不斷增加,并且在這一區(qū)域內(nèi),同時(shí)存在著屬于蒙古王公的蒙地和屬于滿清朝廷的國(guó)有旗地。 清代民國(guó)時(shí)期,熱河的土地基本上分為兩類,一類是蒙古王公占有并管理的蒙地,主要集中在熱河的中北部地區(qū)；一類是直屬大清朝廷由內(nèi)務(wù)府直接管轄的旗地,主要集中在熱河的南部地區(qū)。而在冀北地區(qū),則基本上都是在大清入關(guān)之時(shí),由漢族田地圈占而成的旗地,也是由內(nèi)務(wù)府直接管轄。 蒙地和旗地的管理者是不一樣的,永佃制的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展情況也是有區(qū)別的,土地的地租以及農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)情況也不盡相同。本文從永佃制的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展消失以及地租、農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)方面對(duì)熱河與冀北地區(qū)的蒙地、旗地分別進(jìn)行詳述,并且從蒙地、旗地兩類土地的流轉(zhuǎn)情況,地租以及農(nóng)民的生活情況做一定的比較,在一定程度上揭示了該區(qū)域內(nèi)土地永佃制的特點(diǎn)。其中,第一章主要詳述永佃制的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展消失的過程,蒙地和旗地各自作為一節(jié)。第二章主要詳述永佃制下土地的地租以及農(nóng)民生活,蒙地和旗地也各自作為一節(jié)。第三章則集中對(duì)旗地和蒙地的永佃制進(jìn)行比較,主要在形成發(fā)展的過程、地租以及農(nóng)民生活方面尋找他們的共同點(diǎn)與區(qū)別。 “農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民”問題在21世紀(jì)的中國(guó)處于越來(lái)越重要的地位,研究中國(guó)歷史上土地的永佃制,對(duì)于當(dāng)今中國(guó)農(nóng)村土地制度的變革等都具有一定的啟發(fā)意義。
[Abstract]:The permanent tenancy system is a kind of tenancy system which appeared in the late feudal society in China, under which the tenant farmers have the right to cultivate the landlords' land permanently. Different from the inland, the permanent tenancy system of land has its particularity and complexity in the area of Jehol and northern Hebei. Most of the land in this area belongs to the state. For a long time, the amount of cultivated land has been increasing with the reclamation, and in this area, there are at the same time the Mongolian monarch and the Manchu imperial court's state-owned flag land. During the period of the Republic of China in the Qing Dynasty, the land of the Jehol was basically divided into two categories: one was the Mongolian land occupied and managed by the Mongol princes, mainly concentrated in the central and northern part of the Jehol; One is directly under the Qing dynasty directly under the government of the flag, mainly concentrated in the southern region of the River Jehol. In the north of Hebei province, the flag occupied by the Han nationality was also directly under the jurisdiction of the House of the Interior at the time of the entry of the Great Qing Dynasty. The managers of Mongolian land and flag land are different, the generation and development of permanent tenancy system are different, the land rent and farmers' burden are also different. In this paper, from the generation and development of permanent tenancy system and the disappearance of land rent, farmers' burden on the Mongolian land and flag land in the north of Hebei Province, respectively, and from the two types of land circulation situation, The comparison of land rent and farmers' living conditions reveals to some extent the characteristics of permanent tenancy of land in this area. Among them, the first chapter mainly elaborates the generation and development of permanent tenancy system, Mongolia and flag as a section. The second chapter mainly elaborates the land rent and farmers' life under the permanent tenancy system, and the masked land and the flag land are also used as a section. The third chapter focuses on the flag land and the permanent tenancy system, mainly in the process of formation and development, land rent and farmers' life to find their common ground and difference. The problem of "Agriculture, Countryside and Peasant" is becoming more and more important in China in the 21st century. The study of permanent tenancy of land in Chinese history has certain enlightening significance for the reform of rural land system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K249

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