明代山西孝義群體研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-06 14:44
【摘要】：孝、義思想是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的主流思想,是儒家重要的倫理原則,并作為歷代王朝的治國思想來統(tǒng)治民眾。明代程朱理學(xué)的思想上升到政治層面,孝義思想成為統(tǒng)治者教化人民的工具。明代政府和社會都大力提倡孝義,統(tǒng)治者認(rèn)為教化以學(xué)校為本,開展孝義教育。并對有優(yōu)異品行之人進(jìn)行表彰,給以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。此外還堅(jiān)持行養(yǎng)老之政,尊重贍養(yǎng)老年者。頒布法律條例(大明律、大誥等)來保障人們行孝義。在明朝社會中,官員、知識分子都積極的倡導(dǎo)孝義,并制定了家訓(xùn)和鄉(xiāng)規(guī)來保證家人、鄉(xiāng)人行孝義。在鄉(xiāng)里若有一人行孝義,鄉(xiāng)人都會為之感化,向之學(xué)習(xí)。在這種背景下,基于山西地方志材料、名人文集等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對明代山西人行孝義的情況進(jìn)行分析。明代山西孝義群體分為孝子、孝婦、義士、義婦四種類型。在地域上分布不平衡,山西南部區(qū)域多于北部區(qū)域。在階層歸屬上,農(nóng)民階層人數(shù)最多,士人階層、縉紳階層分別為第二第三。在行為上,有人只有孝行或義行,有人兼有孝義行為。其中男子和女子行孝、行義的方式有相同之處,也有不同之處。關(guān)于孝行,都以喪葬、養(yǎng)親、侍疾為主。關(guān)于義行,都有義舉助人的一面,大多不同,男子多賑濟(jì),女子多守節(jié)殉節(jié)。從中可以總結(jié)出,明代孝義文化的特點(diǎn)是孝義教化變得通俗易懂,讓民眾更易接受;孝行更加神秘,出現(xiàn)孝感現(xiàn)象;孝道義務(wù)非常愚昧,絕對服從父母、君主,出現(xiàn)過激孝行。孝義文化的影響是對當(dāng)時(shí)社會起著維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定,形成良好社會風(fēng)氣的積極作用,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了愚孝、血緣親情優(yōu)于法律、束縛女性的消極影響。也對清代實(shí)行孝義之道和當(dāng)今社會孝義缺失等問題的改善有著重大影響。
[Abstract]:The thought of filial piety and righteousness is the mainstream thought of Chinese traditional culture and an important ethical principle of Confucianism. In Ming Dynasty, the thought of Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu ascended to the political level, and the thought of filial piety became a tool for the rulers to educate the people. The government and society of Ming Dynasty strongly advocated filial piety, and the rulers thought that education should be school-based and develop filial piety education. And to have outstanding character person carries on the commendation, gives the reward. In addition, also adhere to the policy of old-age support, respect for the elderly. Promulgate laws and regulations (Da Ming Law, Da Letters Patent, etc.) to protect people's filial piety. In the Ming Dynasty, officials and intellectuals actively advocated filial piety, and formulated family instruction and rural regulations to ensure the filial piety of the family and rural people. If there is a person in the village filial piety, the villagers will influence and learn from it. In this context, based on Shanxi local chronicles materials, celebrity collections and other relevant documents, the Ming Dynasty Shanxi people filial piety situation was analyzed. Shanxi filial piety group in Ming Dynasty was divided into four types: filial son, filial piety woman, righteous scholar and righteous woman. The regional distribution is not balanced, the southern region of Shanxi is more than the northern region. In the class ownership, the number of the peasant class is the largest, the literati stratum, the gentry stratum is the second and third class respectively. In the behavior, some people only filial piety or righteousness, some people have filial piety behavior. Among them, men and women conduct filial piety, there are similarities in the way of righteousness, there are also differences. About filial piety, all with funeral, raise relatives, wait on disease to be given priority to. About righteousness, there is a side of charity, mostly different, men more relief, more women to observe the festival. It can be concluded that the characteristics of filial piety culture in the Ming Dynasty are that filial piety education becomes easy to understand, so that people can accept it; filial piety is more mysterious, and filial piety is a phenomenon of filial piety; filial duty is very foolish, and absolute obedience from parents, monarchs, appears extreme filial piety. The influence of filial piety culture on the society at that time played a positive role in maintaining social stability and forming a good social atmosphere. At the same time, there appeared the negative effects of filial piety, kinship superior to law, and restraining women. It also has great influence on the improvement of filial piety in Qing Dynasty and the lack of filial piety in modern society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248
本文編號：2366195
[Abstract]:The thought of filial piety and righteousness is the mainstream thought of Chinese traditional culture and an important ethical principle of Confucianism. In Ming Dynasty, the thought of Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu ascended to the political level, and the thought of filial piety became a tool for the rulers to educate the people. The government and society of Ming Dynasty strongly advocated filial piety, and the rulers thought that education should be school-based and develop filial piety education. And to have outstanding character person carries on the commendation, gives the reward. In addition, also adhere to the policy of old-age support, respect for the elderly. Promulgate laws and regulations (Da Ming Law, Da Letters Patent, etc.) to protect people's filial piety. In the Ming Dynasty, officials and intellectuals actively advocated filial piety, and formulated family instruction and rural regulations to ensure the filial piety of the family and rural people. If there is a person in the village filial piety, the villagers will influence and learn from it. In this context, based on Shanxi local chronicles materials, celebrity collections and other relevant documents, the Ming Dynasty Shanxi people filial piety situation was analyzed. Shanxi filial piety group in Ming Dynasty was divided into four types: filial son, filial piety woman, righteous scholar and righteous woman. The regional distribution is not balanced, the southern region of Shanxi is more than the northern region. In the class ownership, the number of the peasant class is the largest, the literati stratum, the gentry stratum is the second and third class respectively. In the behavior, some people only filial piety or righteousness, some people have filial piety behavior. Among them, men and women conduct filial piety, there are similarities in the way of righteousness, there are also differences. About filial piety, all with funeral, raise relatives, wait on disease to be given priority to. About righteousness, there is a side of charity, mostly different, men more relief, more women to observe the festival. It can be concluded that the characteristics of filial piety culture in the Ming Dynasty are that filial piety education becomes easy to understand, so that people can accept it; filial piety is more mysterious, and filial piety is a phenomenon of filial piety; filial duty is very foolish, and absolute obedience from parents, monarchs, appears extreme filial piety. The influence of filial piety culture on the society at that time played a positive role in maintaining social stability and forming a good social atmosphere. At the same time, there appeared the negative effects of filial piety, kinship superior to law, and restraining women. It also has great influence on the improvement of filial piety in Qing Dynasty and the lack of filial piety in modern society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248
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