【摘要】：諢名是名字之外的一種補(bǔ)充名,是由他人施加的,根據(jù)被命名者自身的特點(diǎn)命名的,且?guī)в忻咧饔^情感的一種在非正式場(chǎng)合使用的稱謂。宋代是諢名迅速發(fā)展的時(shí)期,本文結(jié)合諢名盛行的時(shí)代背景,就其反映的社會(huì)面相、文化內(nèi)涵、特點(diǎn)及影響進(jìn)行探討。首先,對(duì)宋人諢名的盛行原因、分類和所涉人群進(jìn)行概述。諢名在宋代蔚然成風(fēng),它的盛行依賴于政治環(huán)境的相對(duì)寬松、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的發(fā)達(dá)和外部環(huán)境的刺激。宋人諢名的內(nèi)容和形式十分豐富,種類繁多,涉及社會(huì)的各個(gè)階層,上至王公將相,下到平民百姓都可以是諢號(hào)的命名者和擔(dān)當(dāng)者,且各個(gè)階層的諢名都各具特點(diǎn)。其次,勾勒和呈現(xiàn)宋人諢名所反映的社會(huì)面相。諢名是一面多棱鏡,折射出宋代社會(huì)的方方面面。在政治上,諢名是表達(dá)社情民意的窗口,反映了民眾對(duì)官員的素質(zhì)要求和對(duì)時(shí)政的品評(píng)議論,同時(shí),諢名也作為權(quán)利斗爭(zhēng)的手段而存在;在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,宋代經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和市民階層的崛起催生出一大批職業(yè)化諢名,它不僅反映出宋代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn),更是宋人重商思想的直接體現(xiàn);在文化上,諢名作為一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象,透視出宋代文化多元化、平民化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),同時(shí)也折射出宋代的社會(huì)風(fēng)尚。再次,解讀宋人諢名的文化內(nèi)涵。從人物類諢名、動(dòng)物類諢名、植物類諢名、器物類諢名四個(gè)方面對(duì)宋人諢名的文化內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行剖析,對(duì)宋人諢名的隱喻義和象征義進(jìn)行解讀,探究宋人的審美情趣、宗教信仰和價(jià)值觀念等。最后,概括分析宋人諢名的特點(diǎn)和影響。在社會(huì)變革的時(shí)代背景下,宋人諢名具有鮮明的時(shí)代特色:一是諢號(hào)的階層范圍擴(kuò)大,下層人物的諢名大量出現(xiàn);二是諢名語(yǔ)言的口語(yǔ)話、通俗化;三是宋人諢名體現(xiàn)雅俗共賞的審美情趣;四是諢名中包含宋人的民族意識(shí)。數(shù)量繁多的諢名對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)和后世均產(chǎn)生了不同程度的影響。
[Abstract]:The nickname is a supplementary name, imposed by another person, named according to the characteristics of the named person, and with the naming person's subjective emotion, which is used in informal situations. Song Dynasty is a period of rapid development of nicknames. This paper discusses its social appearance, cultural connotation, characteristics and influence in combination with the prevailing background of nicknames. First of all, the popular reason, classification and the crowd involved are summarized. The popularity of nicknames in the Song Dynasty depended on the relative looseness of the political environment, the development of social economy and culture and the stimulation of the external environment. The contents and forms of the nicknames of Song people are very rich and varied, involving all strata of society, from the princes to generals, and down to the common people can be the naming and bearing of the nicknames, and the nicknames of each stratum have their own characteristics. Secondly, it outlines and presents the social aspect reflected by the nicknames of Song people. The nickname is a multi-prism mirror, reflecting all aspects of the society of the Song Dynasty. In politics, the nickname is the window to express the social feelings and public opinion, which reflects the public's request for the quality of the officials and comments on the current politics. At the same time, the nickname also exists as the means of the right struggle. In economy, the prosperity of economy in Song Dynasty and the rise of citizen class gave birth to a large number of professional nicknames, which not only reflected the characteristics of economic development in Song Dynasty, but also directly reflected the thought of mercantilism of Song people. In culture, nicknames as a unique cultural phenomenon, perspective of the Song Dynasty cultural diversity, the development trend of the civilian, but also reflects the social fashion of the Song Dynasty. Thirdly, it interprets the cultural connotation of Song people's nickname. This paper analyzes the cultural connotations of the nicknames of the Song people from four aspects: the names of characters, animals, plants and objects, and interprets the metaphorical and symbolic meanings of the nicknames of the Song people, and probes into the aesthetic tastes of the people of the Song Dynasty. Religious beliefs and values, etc. Finally, the characteristics and influence of the nickname of Song Dynasty are summarized and analyzed. Under the background of the social change, the nicknames of Song people have distinctive characteristics of the times: first, the scale of the nickname is enlarged, and the nicknames of the lower level appear in large numbers, second, the colloquial words of the nicknames are popularized; The third is that the nicknames of Song people embody the taste of elegance and common appreciation, and the fourth is that the nicknames contain the national consciousness of Song people. A large number of nicknames have had different degrees of influence at that time and in later generations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K244

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