【摘要】：黑水城文書中有大量涉及夏元時期黑水城對外交流的內(nèi)容。通過整理文書并結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)史籍記載,可以將黑水城對外交流分為人員往來、物資流通和書籍傳播三個方面。夏元時期黑水城的人員往來主要有官員的調(diào)動、商人的往來以及流民的游徙等。西夏時期黑水城守將請調(diào),元代與其毗鄰的甘州、沙州等地官吏調(diào)動,體現(xiàn)了中央政權(quán)對地方人事權(quán)力的控制;在黑水城經(jīng)營貿(mào)易的商人除了來自漠北的回回外,還有中原地區(qū)的漢人,他們既有官商又有民商。這些商人進入黑水城,促進了黑水城經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,豐富了當?shù)厝说纳鐣?夏元時期大量的民戶、站戶、軍戶以及罪犯和僧侶等為躲避戰(zhàn)爭、自然災(zāi)害以及不堪封建剝削而流入亦集乃路。這些移民有的來自漠北和林和河西走廊的甘州,有的來自中原地區(qū)的真定、冀寧、寧夏等路,進入亦集乃路的流民在促進當?shù)孛褡逍赂窬中纬傻耐瑫r,也造成了當?shù)厣鐣刃虻幕靵y。夏元時期黑水城流通的物資有糧食、藥材、香料和呈色劑等。黑水城囿于自然條件的限制,為經(jīng)行大軍籌措的軍糧以及當?shù)丶Z食的需求大部分是從寧夏地區(qū)、甘州和河?xùn)|地區(qū)以攢運或和糴的方式運來。除了糧食外,黑水城還需從外地獲得日常生活中所需的藥材和香料等。黑水城出土了大量宋、遼、夏、金、元時期不同版本的刻本和抄本書籍,通過書籍中記載的內(nèi)容可以發(fā)現(xiàn),西夏時期的黑水城書籍以佛經(jīng)為主,而元代除了佛教典籍外還有大量的政書、道家以及民間通俗讀物等。這些書籍或是以官方名義,或是由私人攜帶,亦或通過書賈傳播至亦集乃路。由此可見,夏元時期的黑水城作為絲綢之路上的中轉(zhuǎn)站,溝通了中原、漠北草原和西域地區(qū)間的交通,聯(lián)系了不同民族人員的往來,促進了各地經(jīng)濟和文化的交流,是一個多民族融合、多元文化共存之地。
[Abstract]:Blackwater City documents involved a large number of Xia Yuan period Blackwater City foreign exchange content. Through sorting out the documents and combining with the traditional historical records, the external exchange of Blackwater City can be divided into three aspects: the exchange of personnel, the circulation of materials and the dissemination of books. During the Xia and Yuan dynasties, there were mainly the transfer of officials, the exchange of merchants and the migration of displaced people. In the Xixia period, Heishui city guard was transferred, and the government officials of Gansu and Shazhou, which were adjacent to it in Yuan Dynasty, were transferred, which reflected the control of the central power over local personnel power. In addition to the Hui from Mobei, traders in Blackwater City also had Han people in the Central Plains, who had both official and private businessmen. These businessmen entered Blackwater City, promoted the economic development of Blackwater City, enriched the social life of the local people; In the Xia and Yuan dynasties, a large number of people, families, soldiers, criminals and monks, and so on, flowed into Nailu in order to avoid war, natural disasters and unbearable feudal exploitation. Some of these immigrants came from Ganzhou in the Mobei and Lin and Hexi Corridor, and some from Zhending, Ji Ning, Ningxia and other roads in the Central Plains, while promoting the formation of a new local national pattern. It also caused chaos in local social order. The materials circulating in Blackwater City during the Xia and Yuan dynasties were grain, medicinal materials, spices and coloring agents. Due to the limitation of natural conditions, most of the grain and local grain demand for the Jingping army were transported from Ningxia, Ganzhou and Hedong by the way of saving and buying money. In addition to food, Blackwater City also need to obtain daily life from the daily needs of medicinal herbs and spices. Blackwater City unearthed a large number of Song, Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan dynasties of different versions of the original books and transcripts, through the books recorded in the contents can be found that the Western Xia Dynasty Blackwater City books are mainly Buddhist scriptures. Besides Buddhist classics, there were a lot of political books, Taoism and folk popular books in Yuan Dynasty. The books are either in the official name, carried by private persons, or spread to Yicinalu through booksellers. Thus, it can be seen that as a transit station on the Silk Road during the Xia and Yuan dynasties, Blackwater City communicated the traffic between the Central Plains, the northern grasslands and the Western regions, linked the people of different nationalities, and promoted economic and cultural exchanges in various parts of the country. Is a multi-ethnic integration, multi-cultural coexistence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K247

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