【摘要】：張蒼的一生,經(jīng)歷了周、秦、漢三代。受史料所限,后世對(duì)張蒼的研究不多。而如果將他放在戰(zhàn)國末到西漢初期百余年的歷史變遷大背景下進(jìn)行考察和研究,則張蒼的經(jīng)歷在某種程度上折射了整個(gè)周秦至漢代的政治生態(tài)。本文圍繞著張蒼生活的百余年間展開,通過對(duì)張蒼仕宦經(jīng)歷的梳理,展現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)國秦漢時(shí)期的制度沿革;通過對(duì)張蒼在經(jīng)學(xué)、律歷等方面成就的分析,彰顯其在戰(zhàn)國秦漢百年間文化傳承中的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。張蒼歷任柱下史、王國丞相、主計(jì)、御史大夫以及丞相,仕宦生涯長達(dá)半個(gè)世紀(jì),他的這些經(jīng)歷可以讓我們一窺這一時(shí)間的官僚制度及政治生態(tài)。漢初百廢待興,政治上依靠功臣和犬牙交錯(cuò)的諸侯鞏固統(tǒng)治,而在爵祿、封地及名譽(yù)上的福利,也極大地鞏固了統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的團(tuán)結(jié)。漢興二十余年,到文帝時(shí)期,用人制度上由從漢初的從簡、隨宜逐步向平穩(wěn)規(guī)制過渡,張蒼任相反映出漢初少文多質(zhì)的政治生態(tài)依然延續(xù)。張蒼作為一個(gè)跨時(shí)代的學(xué)者,以其自身的文化造詣?chuàng)崞搅酥芮刂翝h代的文化創(chuàng)傷。在文化傳承方面,其在周漢之間的《左傳》傳承方面起到了承上啟下的作用;漢初,他對(duì)律歷及章程的確定和修撰,促進(jìn)了漢初經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速恢復(fù)和發(fā)展;雖然張蒼最后因“五德終始說”所引發(fā)的政治斗爭失去了官職,但是這并不能夠動(dòng)搖他在漢初文化領(lǐng)域的重要地位。周秦以至漢代,官制多有嬗變,層累造成的官制變化撲朔迷離,從御史的變遷可以看出這一端倪。后代對(duì)張蒼墓的多處記載,是后世意識(shí)形態(tài)的一種體現(xiàn),體現(xiàn)出對(duì)張蒼這種形象的認(rèn)可�？偠灾�,將張蒼一生放在周秦至漢初大變化的背景之下進(jìn)行考察,則這一時(shí)期的政治變化、文化傳承都可從張氏一生的政治軌跡中得到展現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Zhang Cang's life, experienced Zhou, Qin, Han three generations. Limited by historical data, later generations of Zhang Cang research is not much. If he is placed in the background of more than 100 years of historical changes from the late warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Cang's experience reflects to some extent the political ecology of the whole Zhou and Qin dynasties to the Han Dynasty. This article revolves around Zhang Cang's life more than 100 years unfolds, through combs to Zhang Cangshi official experience, unfolds the warring States Qin and Han dynasties period system evolution; Through the analysis of Zhang Cang's achievements in Confucian classics and law calendar, his outstanding contribution in the cultural inheritance of Qin and Han dynasties during the warring States period was demonstrated. Zhang Cang's career as official lasted for half a century. His experience can give us a glimpse of the bureaucracy and political ecology of this time. In the early Han Dynasty, the government depended on meritorious service and staggered princes to consolidate the rule, and the welfare of Jue Lu, feudal land and reputation greatly consolidated the unity within the ruling group. Han Xing for more than 20 years, to the period of Emperor Wen, the personnel system from the beginning of the Han Dynasty from simple, along with the gradual transition to smooth regulation, Zhang Cang Ren reflects the early Han Dynasty, less literature and more quality of the political ecology is still continuing. As a cross-epoch scholar, Zhang Cang smoothed the cultural trauma from Zhou Qin to Han Dynasty with his own cultural attainments. In the aspect of cultural inheritance, Zuo Zhuan played an important role in the inheritance of Zuo Zhuan between the Zhou and Han dynasties, which promoted the rapid recovery and development of the economy in the early Han Dynasty. Although Zhang Cang finally lost his official position because of the political struggle caused by the theory of "the end of the five virtues", it could not shake his important position in the field of culture in the early Han Dynasty. In Zhou and Qin and even Han Dynasty, the official system changed, and the official system change caused by the accumulation of layers was confusing, which can be seen from the vicissitude of the imperial history. Many records of Zhang Cang's tomb are an embodiment of the ideology of later generations, reflecting the recognition of Zhang Cang's image. In a word, if Zhang Cang's life is examined under the background of the great changes from Zhou Qin to the early Han Dynasty, the political changes and cultural heritage of this period can be displayed in the political track of Zhang's life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K23

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