【摘要】：翻譯科是清代旗人專有的進(jìn)身之階。道光二十三年,駐防八旗始被允許應(yīng)考翻譯科,至同治年間,形成了翻譯科與文場(chǎng)并重的局面。翻譯科在駐防八旗的開(kāi)設(shè),旨在解決八旗生計(jì)與滿語(yǔ)文衰退問(wèn)題,此舉同時(shí)也拓展了駐防旗人的仕進(jìn)空間,為朝廷輸送了數(shù)量可觀的多語(yǔ)文人才。在翻譯科的刺激下,駐防八旗社會(huì)的滿語(yǔ)文教育繁盛一時(shí),各地陸續(xù)建立官學(xué),教授翻譯,民間也形成了私學(xué)或相互講求滿文的師友團(tuán)體。但由于銓選制度的弊端,駐防士子很難通過(guò)翻譯科取得理想的官職。通過(guò)開(kāi)科舉緩解駐防旗人生計(jì)問(wèn)題,固可收一時(shí)之效,但日久使宦途壅滯更甚,由此進(jìn)身者補(bǔ)官不易,有的甚至放棄了仕途。清廷試圖以擴(kuò)大宦途改善旗人生計(jì),其失敗的根源正在于此。
[Abstract]:Translation Section is the exclusive step of the flag man in Qing Dynasty. Daoguang 23 years, garrison eight Banner was allowed to take the translation section, to Tongzhi years, formed the translation field and translation field. In order to solve the problem of livelihood and the decline of the Manchu language, the translation section also expanded the space for the garrison and sent a considerable number of multilingual talents to the imperial court. Under the stimulation of translation science, the full language education in the eight banners community flourished for a while, and various places established official studies, taught translation, and also formed private schools or groups of teachers and friends who wanted to talk to each other about the Manchu language. However, due to the shortcomings of the Civil Service selection system, it is difficult for the garrison to obtain the ideal official position through translation. Through the imperial examination to ease the livelihood of the garrison flag, can achieve a temporary effect, but the long time so that the official path is even more difficult to fill the official, some even give up the official path. The Qing government tried to improve the livelihood of the flag people by expanding the official path, which was the root of its failure.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)國(guó)學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：K249

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