先秦農家研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 17:42
【摘要】：在諸子百家產生的春秋戰(zhàn)國時期，農家作為一個流派應運而生，本文首先對農家的范疇作了界定，從而清晰了研究對象的范圍，在此基礎上才能更好地做出合理的論述。而這個流派是在什么背景之下產生的，受什么因素的影響，需要通過思考研究去尋求答案。文章分析農家流派在戰(zhàn)國時期產生的社會歷史原因，從人口、土地、賦稅、戰(zhàn)爭等多方面進行探討，人口的增加、土地的有限、賦稅的沉重、戰(zhàn)爭的頻繁，諸多因素交織在一起，造就了戰(zhàn)國時期復雜的社會歷史背景，發(fā)展農業(yè)成了當時各國亟待解決的重要問題，使重視農業(yè)生產成為當時的趨勢，，為農家的產生奠定了基礎。同時在戰(zhàn)國時期特殊的歷史文化背景下也開創(chuàng)了農家得以產生的寬松的文化氛圍。另外農家的產生除了與諸子百家的產生有著同樣的文化環(huán)境因素之外，更有著其特殊的文化背景。 農家的思想可分為不同的類型，有以許行為代表的“君民并耕”等的思想，也有《呂氏春秋·士容論》中農家四篇為代表的其他類型，但總的說來農家內在的重農思想還是一致的。許行的“君民并耕”等農家的代表思想，在當時的社會文化環(huán)境下產生有其歷史的合理性，并試圖通過自家的思想主張對當時社會的不合理之處給予“指正”，希望通過努力能夠實踐農家對于治國等諸方面的主張。但農家也有著不可回避的缺點，給其政策的推廣、實施乃至傳承帶來了諸多障礙，因此農家的思想不得不加以轉變以適應社會的要求不被時代所淘汰。本文從多角度對農家各類思想的產生、發(fā)展、衰落、延續(xù)等進行探究，并對前人的看法進行一定的梳理歸納。 農家的思想不僅包括農業(yè)技術層面的認識，還包括政治、經濟、哲學等思想，其獨具風格的思想主張也給先秦文化帶來了一股追求務實的風潮，并與其他各家思想在先秦動蕩的社會歷史文化環(huán)境中進行著交流、融合乃至抗衡。農家的出現(xiàn)在對中國古代社會農業(yè)的生產發(fā)展起到了推動作用的同時，為先秦社會文化思想的豐富也做出了一定的貢獻。
[Abstract]:In the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the peasant family came into being as a school of thought. Firstly, this paper defined the category of the peasant family, so as to clear the scope of the research object, and on this basis can make a better reasonable discussion. In what background and by what factors, this school needs to be studied to find out the answer. This paper analyzes the social and historical causes of peasant schools in the warring States period, and discusses the population, land, taxation, war, etc., the increase of population, the limited land, the heavy taxation, the frequent wars, etc. Many factors intertwined together, created the complex social and historical background of the warring States period, and the development of agriculture became an important problem to be solved by all countries at that time, which made the attention to agricultural production become the trend at that time and laid the foundation for the emergence of farmers' families. At the same time, under the special historical and cultural background of the warring States period, it also created the relaxed cultural atmosphere that the farmers were able to produce. In addition, the emergence of farmers has its special cultural background in addition to the same cultural environmental factors. The thoughts of peasant families can be divided into different types, such as the idea of "the ruler and the people ploughing together", which is represented by the behavior of Xu, and the other types represented by the four articles of the Peasant Family in Lu's Spring and Autumn Scholars. But on the whole, the farmers' inner thought of attaching great importance to agriculture is still the same. Xu Hing's representative thoughts of "ruling the people and ploughing together" had their historical rationality in the social and cultural environment of the time, and tried to "correct" the unreasonableness of the society at that time through their own ideas. Hope that through efforts to practice farmers for the country and other aspects of the idea. However, farmers also have unavoidable shortcomings, to its policy promotion, implementation and even inheritance of a number of obstacles, so farmers' thinking has to be changed to adapt to the requirements of society is not eliminated by the times. This paper probes into the generation, development, decline and continuance of all kinds of thoughts of peasant family from many angles, and summarizes the views of predecessors. The thought of farmers not only includes the understanding of agricultural technology, but also includes political, economic, philosophy, etc. Its unique style of thought also brought a trend of pursuit of pragmatism to the pre-Qin culture. And other ideas in the pre-Qin turbulent social historical and cultural environment for communication, integration and even counterbalance. The emergence of farmers played a role in promoting the production and development of agriculture in ancient China, and made a certain contribution to the enrichment of social and cultural thoughts in the pre-Qin Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K22;B229
本文編號：2336186
[Abstract]:In the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the peasant family came into being as a school of thought. Firstly, this paper defined the category of the peasant family, so as to clear the scope of the research object, and on this basis can make a better reasonable discussion. In what background and by what factors, this school needs to be studied to find out the answer. This paper analyzes the social and historical causes of peasant schools in the warring States period, and discusses the population, land, taxation, war, etc., the increase of population, the limited land, the heavy taxation, the frequent wars, etc. Many factors intertwined together, created the complex social and historical background of the warring States period, and the development of agriculture became an important problem to be solved by all countries at that time, which made the attention to agricultural production become the trend at that time and laid the foundation for the emergence of farmers' families. At the same time, under the special historical and cultural background of the warring States period, it also created the relaxed cultural atmosphere that the farmers were able to produce. In addition, the emergence of farmers has its special cultural background in addition to the same cultural environmental factors. The thoughts of peasant families can be divided into different types, such as the idea of "the ruler and the people ploughing together", which is represented by the behavior of Xu, and the other types represented by the four articles of the Peasant Family in Lu's Spring and Autumn Scholars. But on the whole, the farmers' inner thought of attaching great importance to agriculture is still the same. Xu Hing's representative thoughts of "ruling the people and ploughing together" had their historical rationality in the social and cultural environment of the time, and tried to "correct" the unreasonableness of the society at that time through their own ideas. Hope that through efforts to practice farmers for the country and other aspects of the idea. However, farmers also have unavoidable shortcomings, to its policy promotion, implementation and even inheritance of a number of obstacles, so farmers' thinking has to be changed to adapt to the requirements of society is not eliminated by the times. This paper probes into the generation, development, decline and continuance of all kinds of thoughts of peasant family from many angles, and summarizes the views of predecessors. The thought of farmers not only includes the understanding of agricultural technology, but also includes political, economic, philosophy, etc. Its unique style of thought also brought a trend of pursuit of pragmatism to the pre-Qin culture. And other ideas in the pre-Qin turbulent social historical and cultural environment for communication, integration and even counterbalance. The emergence of farmers played a role in promoting the production and development of agriculture in ancient China, and made a certain contribution to the enrichment of social and cultural thoughts in the pre-Qin Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K22;B229
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