耿定向的思想變化及其原因探析
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-12 20:17
【摘要】：耿定向是明代思想家,被黃宗羲列入泰州學(xué)案。耿定向的思想經(jīng)歷了四個階段。第一個階段謹守程朱理學(xué),遵循禮法,循規(guī)蹈矩,注重禮制提倡主敬之功。第二個階段崇尚陽明心學(xué),在這階段中為學(xué)宗旨有些微小的變化又可以分為兩個階段,前一階段以常知為宗,常知是一種修養(yǎng)工夫,即時時保持警惕的狀態(tài),時時收攝不使人心放逸。后一階段以不容已為宗,不容已既是一種本體又是一種工夫。就本體來說耿定向認為人人先天具有至善的本性,圣人與愚夫愚婦同,就工夫來說耿定向認為外在的欲念偏見容易使人喪失至善本性,因而要經(jīng)常反身默識,從心之不安處反省自己。耿定向提倡為學(xué)要向內(nèi)尋求,而不從書冊上識取,自省便自得。道即在日用生活之中,求道無需涉玄涉虛,童子捧茶處即可見道,體現(xiàn)了泰州學(xué)派的平實性。第三個階段為挽救陽明心學(xué)。陽明之學(xué)因弟子王畿、王艮而風行天下,又因二人而失天下,后學(xué)中有兩個變化趨勢,一是高談闊論,空談心性,逐漸脫離生活走向玄虛,二是提倡當下即本體,不辨別至善本體是否為世情所染,任性妄為,放誕禮法,出現(xiàn)了李贄等異端人物,耿定向?qū)Υ舜蠹油炀取５谒膫�階段崇尚佛學(xué)。耿定向編寫了《異譯編》等書,來闡述對佛教的認識,并在思想上專心求道,不關(guān)心國事家事,在思想上出家。 耿定向思想之所以發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變是由于受到二弟耿定理及羅汝芳、胡直、周柳塘、史惺堂等人的影響。耿定理最早提出“不容已”作為自己的為學(xué)宗旨,后為耿定理所領(lǐng)悟并作為自己的宗旨。羅汝芳的“當下論”,直接影響了耿定向合本體與工夫為一的“不容已”之旨的提出,在修養(yǎng)工夫的簡易性上二者極具相似性,都體現(xiàn)了泰州學(xué)派的平實性。胡直、周柳塘等經(jīng)常與耿定向辯學(xué),對于定向的某些重要觀點和修養(yǎng)方法的提出具有啟發(fā)作用。史惺堂個性耿直,經(jīng)常直斥耿定向,對定向為學(xué)為官都有鞭策作用。
[Abstract]:Geng Dingxiang was a thinker in Ming Dynasty, who was included in Taizhou case by Huang Zongxi. There are four stages in Geng's thinking. The first stage adheres to Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, obeys the etiquette, obeys the rules, pays attention to the propriety system advocates the main respect merit. In the second stage, there are some minor changes in the purpose of learning, which can be divided into two stages. In the previous stage, it was often known that it was a form of self-cultivation, and it was a state of vigilance at the same time. It is not easy to take care of one's heart from time to time. In the latter stage, it is a kind of Noumenon and a kind of work. As far as the ontology is concerned, we hold that every human being is born with the best nature, that saints are with fools, and that external preconceptions of desire tend to make people lose their nature of the greatest good, and therefore they must often turn back on their bodies and be silent. Reflect on yourself from the uneasiness of your heart. Gengding to advocate to learn to seek, but not from the book, introspection. Tao is in daily life, the pursuit of Tao does not need to be involved in metaphysics, the child holding tea is visible Tao, reflects the Taizhou school of realism. The third stage is to save Yangming's mind. Yangming's study is popular because of his disciple Wang Ji, Wang Gen, and lost to the world because of two people. There are two changing trends in the post-school study: one is to talk high, talk about the nature of the mind, and gradually break away from life to go to metaphysics, and the second is to advocate the present as the essence. Not distinguish whether the Noumenon of goodness is dyed by the world feelings, willful and perverse, the appearance of Li Zhi and other heresy figures, Geng decided to save this. The fourth stage advocates Buddhism. Geng Dingxiang wrote such books as "Translational compilation" to expound the understanding of Buddhism, and to concentrate on seeking the Tao in thought, not caring about state affairs and family affairs, and becoming a monk in thought. The reason why Geng Ding changed to his thought was influenced by the second brother Geng Theorem and Luo Rufang, Hu Zhi, Zhou Liutang, Shi Xiantang and so on. Geng theorem was first put forward as one's own aim of learning, and later understood by Geng's theorem as one's own purpose. Luo Rufang's "the present Theory" has directly influenced the aim of "not to allow oneself" that Geng orientation is in conformity with Noumenon and Gongfu. They are very similar in the simplicity of self-cultivation, and both reflect the simplicity of Taizhou School. Hu Zhi, Zhou Liutang, etc., often and Gengding dialectics, for some important points of view and cultivation of the proposed methods of enlightenment. Shi Tang personality straight, often straight denunciation of fixed-oriented, for the direction of learning officials have a role in spur.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K248
[Abstract]:Geng Dingxiang was a thinker in Ming Dynasty, who was included in Taizhou case by Huang Zongxi. There are four stages in Geng's thinking. The first stage adheres to Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, obeys the etiquette, obeys the rules, pays attention to the propriety system advocates the main respect merit. In the second stage, there are some minor changes in the purpose of learning, which can be divided into two stages. In the previous stage, it was often known that it was a form of self-cultivation, and it was a state of vigilance at the same time. It is not easy to take care of one's heart from time to time. In the latter stage, it is a kind of Noumenon and a kind of work. As far as the ontology is concerned, we hold that every human being is born with the best nature, that saints are with fools, and that external preconceptions of desire tend to make people lose their nature of the greatest good, and therefore they must often turn back on their bodies and be silent. Reflect on yourself from the uneasiness of your heart. Gengding to advocate to learn to seek, but not from the book, introspection. Tao is in daily life, the pursuit of Tao does not need to be involved in metaphysics, the child holding tea is visible Tao, reflects the Taizhou school of realism. The third stage is to save Yangming's mind. Yangming's study is popular because of his disciple Wang Ji, Wang Gen, and lost to the world because of two people. There are two changing trends in the post-school study: one is to talk high, talk about the nature of the mind, and gradually break away from life to go to metaphysics, and the second is to advocate the present as the essence. Not distinguish whether the Noumenon of goodness is dyed by the world feelings, willful and perverse, the appearance of Li Zhi and other heresy figures, Geng decided to save this. The fourth stage advocates Buddhism. Geng Dingxiang wrote such books as "Translational compilation" to expound the understanding of Buddhism, and to concentrate on seeking the Tao in thought, not caring about state affairs and family affairs, and becoming a monk in thought. The reason why Geng Ding changed to his thought was influenced by the second brother Geng Theorem and Luo Rufang, Hu Zhi, Zhou Liutang, Shi Xiantang and so on. Geng theorem was first put forward as one's own aim of learning, and later understood by Geng's theorem as one's own purpose. Luo Rufang's "the present Theory" has directly influenced the aim of "not to allow oneself" that Geng orientation is in conformity with Noumenon and Gongfu. They are very similar in the simplicity of self-cultivation, and both reflect the simplicity of Taizhou School. Hu Zhi, Zhou Liutang, etc., often and Gengding dialectics, for some important points of view and cultivation of the proposed methods of enlightenment. Shi Tang personality straight, often straight denunciation of fixed-oriented, for the direction of learning officials have a role in spur.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K248
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