發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-10 14:07

【摘要】：在中國古代歷史上,第一個(gè)大舉進(jìn)入并長(zhǎng)期統(tǒng)治中國北方的少數(shù)民族政權(quán)是鮮卑拓拔部族建立的北魏。拓跋鮮卑從東北地區(qū)遷到北方草原,再進(jìn)入了黃河流域,在不太長(zhǎng)的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)先后經(jīng)歷了幾種不同類型的區(qū)域,并最終立足于北方,體現(xiàn)了其政權(quán)極大地生命力。而慕容氏也已從遼西向南遷移,打著“尊晉勤王”的旗號(hào)進(jìn)入中原,并建立前燕。雙方力量最終在代北地區(qū)交匯、碰撞。因而,北魏與后燕的關(guān)系,對(duì)北魏初期政治影響巨大。 本篇文章通過對(duì)各種史料的廣泛研究,充分利用各種方法對(duì)魏燕關(guān)系的發(fā)展及其對(duì)北魏初期政治的影響進(jìn)行分析論證。論文內(nèi)容除去前言和結(jié)語,可以分為四章。第一章主要論述早期的鮮卑拓拔部族與鮮卑慕容部的起源及遷徙,并涉及拓拔鮮卑與慕容鮮卑早期的交往,這也體現(xiàn)出魏燕關(guān)系的淵源所在。第二章從參合陂之戰(zhàn)前的魏燕關(guān)系入手,著重探討淝水之戰(zhàn)后,魏燕雙方結(jié)好的歷史原因、現(xiàn)實(shí)需要及其對(duì)北魏初期政權(quán)的影響。第三章主要論述魏燕關(guān)系的破裂及其影響。隨著北魏政權(quán)的不斷壯大,其與后燕的沖突也越來越明顯,雙方關(guān)系破裂,最終發(fā)生了參合陂之戰(zhàn)。第四章主要論述參合陂戰(zhàn)后,北魏經(jīng)略中原,利用后燕遺留的大批漢族士人,積極建設(shè)北魏政權(quán),并最終成功統(tǒng)一北方。 最后,通過對(duì)各個(gè)章節(jié)的綜合,得出結(jié)論：鮮卑拓拔建立的北魏政權(quán),不僅經(jīng)過了民族沖突到共處的歷程,而且通過革新制度將民族共處推動(dòng)到民族大融合的階段。其中,鮮卑拓跋的魏與鮮卑慕容的燕關(guān)系因局勢(shì)的變化,而錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,進(jìn)而對(duì)北魏初期政治產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)巨大的影響。北魏的建立得益于后燕的支持,而當(dāng)北魏勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大威脅后燕時(shí),雙方關(guān)系惡化,并訴諸戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。北魏攻滅后燕后,不僅使北魏得以開疆拓土,更重要的是得到了漢化程度較高的大批士人,這些人進(jìn)入北魏后加速了北魏政權(quán)的封建化過程。另外,自古以來,在長(zhǎng)城內(nèi)外,中原政權(quán)與游牧民族既對(duì)立,又互動(dòng),關(guān)系密切,且難以分割,而魏燕之間關(guān)系的演變發(fā)展,也充分的證明了這一點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:In the ancient history of China, the first minority regime to enter and rule the north of China for a long time was the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba tribe. Tuoba Xianbei moved from the northeast to the northern grasslands and then entered the Yellow River basin. In the short historical period, he experienced several different types of regions successively, and finally established himself in the north, reflecting the great vitality of his regime. And Murong has also moved from western Liaoning to the south, under the banner of "honor Jin Qin Wang" into the Central Plains, and the establishment of the former Yan. The forces of both sides eventually converged and collided in the northern region. Therefore, the relationship between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Houyan had a great influence on the politics in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Through the extensive study of various historical materials, this article makes full use of various methods to analyze and demonstrate the development of Wei Yan's relationship and its influence on the early politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Apart from the preface and the conclusion, the content of the paper can be divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the origin and migration of the early Xianbei Tuoba and Xianbei Murong, and involves the early communication between Xianbei and Murong Xianbei, which also reflects the origin of Wei Yan relationship. The second chapter begins with the relationship between Wei Yan and Wei Yan before the War of Shenhe Pei, focusing on the historical reasons, realistic needs and its influence on the early regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty after the war of Feishui. The third chapter mainly discusses the rupture of Wei Yan relationship and its influence. With the growing of the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the conflict with Houyan became more and more obvious, and the relationship between the two sides broke down. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the Shanhe Pei postwar, the Northern Wei Dynasty Jing slightly Central Plains, utilizes a large number of Han nationality scholars left behind after Yan, positively constructs the Northern Wei Dynasty regime, and finally unifies the north successfully. Finally, through the synthesis of each chapter, the conclusion is drawn: the regime of Northern Wei Dynasty established by Xianbei Tuobu not only went through the process of ethnic conflict to coexistence, but also promoted the national coexistence to the stage of great national integration through the reform of the system. Among them, the relationship between Xianbei Tuoba Wei and Xianbei Murong Yan was complicated by the change of the situation, which had a profound and huge influence on the politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the early period. The establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty benefited from the support of the later Yan, and when the Northern Wei Dynasty threatened the Yan, the relations between the two sides deteriorated and resorted to war. After the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed Yan, not only the Northern Wei Dynasty was able to open up the frontier, but more importantly, a large number of scholars with a high degree of Sinicization were obtained, who accelerated the feudal process of the Northern Wei regime after entering the Northern Wei Dynasty. In addition, since ancient times, inside and outside the Great Wall, the Central Plains regime and nomadic people are not only opposite, but also interactive, close, and difficult to separate, and the evolution of the relationship between Wei Yan, also fully proved this point.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K239.21

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