【摘要】：220年,曹丕代漢稱(chēng)帝。221年,劉備以繼漢自居。孫權(quán)在曹丕、劉備稱(chēng)帝后,面臨著自立稱(chēng)帝,還是歸順魏、蜀的政治抉擇。政權(quán)內(nèi)部的不穩(wěn)固和外部形勢(shì)的危急迫使孫權(quán)放棄自立稱(chēng)帝。漢魏嬗代的合法性,以及孫、曹在建安年間陸續(xù)形成的婚宦關(guān)系又促使孫權(quán)向魏稱(chēng)藩,而非歸蜀。222年,孫權(quán)成為魏屬吳王,改元黃武。向魏稱(chēng)藩,并不是放棄帝業(yè),恰恰是服務(wù)于建立皇權(quán)的終極政治構(gòu)想。曹操?gòu)U二十等爵、建立五等爵的政治舉措,突破了漢“非劉氏不王”的國(guó)體原則,不僅促成了漢、魏皇權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移,也為孫權(quán)作為異姓,卻可以稱(chēng)藩王創(chuàng)造了體制上的可能。孫權(quán)向魏稱(chēng)藩,表面上臣服于魏,實(shí)是承漢末“郡國(guó)本位化”所造成的分裂趨勢(shì),借王國(guó)體制,將國(guó)內(nèi)“任俠”“師友”關(guān)系,一變而為“君臣”關(guān)系,在封國(guó)內(nèi)自成系統(tǒng),完成了由漢末江東割據(jù)政權(quán)向王國(guó)政權(quán)之轉(zhuǎn)化,使其合法化。向魏稱(chēng)藩,還有一層巧用,變“舍漢歸吳”為“舍魏歸吳”,消除了部屬的名節(jié)顧慮,讓我們看到了孫權(quán)為爭(zhēng)取政權(quán)正統(tǒng)性所作的努力,完美的詮釋了其作為政治家的政治智慧和勇氣魄力。經(jīng)過(guò)“黃武之政”七年(222—229)艱難醞釀,孫權(quán)于黃龍?jiān)?229)開(kāi)基建國(guó),由魏屬王國(guó)之吳王轉(zhuǎn)化為吳大帝,才得以爬上權(quán)力巔峰。孫氏政權(quán)由吳王國(guó)升格為吳王朝。它是東漢政治分裂的結(jié)果,又是江東政治統(tǒng)一孕育新生皇權(quán)的產(chǎn)物。這七年有三方面內(nèi)容:第一、孫吳兩大軍功受益集團(tuán)——淮泗集團(tuán)和江東集團(tuán)漸趨融合,江東集團(tuán)成為政權(quán)統(tǒng)治階層。第二、消除以地方大族為首的山越與漢人聯(lián)合反抗孫吳統(tǒng)治的動(dòng)亂,加速山越漢化。第三、淮泗集團(tuán)“尊漢派”人物張昭漸次被排擠出政治軍事核心,棲身建業(yè),在政治上再?zèng)]有別的作為。前兩個(gè)學(xué)界已有定論,第三點(diǎn)是論述的重點(diǎn)。孫吳皇權(quán)的法統(tǒng)依據(jù)在于孫氏集團(tuán)的三次質(zhì)變。與僭號(hào)稱(chēng)帝的袁術(shù)絕交,由政權(quán)體制外之非法組織,一變而為既存漢政權(quán)一部分,此其一;漢魏嬗代,向魏稱(chēng)藩,建立吳王國(guó)政權(quán),此其二;黃龍?jiān)攴Q(chēng)帝,建立吳帝國(guó)政權(quán),此其三。孫吳宣揚(yáng)皇權(quán)權(quán)威性與合法性的手段主要有四種,一是利用符瑞和符瑞年號(hào),二是否定漢魏嬗代合法性,三是宣揚(yáng)孫權(quán)軍功,四是表達(dá)天命意志。黃龍?jiān)?229)孫權(quán)建號(hào)稱(chēng)帝,定都建業(yè),開(kāi)啟了建業(yè)作為都城的歷史,此后建業(yè)開(kāi)始具備皇權(quán)因素。在此之前,孫吳政治中心歷經(jīng)多次變遷。建業(yè)從普通縣級(jí)城市,先后上升為江邊重鎮(zhèn)、丹陽(yáng)郡郡治、一國(guó)之都。都城是一個(gè)政權(quán)的政治中心,孫權(quán)最終選擇定都建業(yè),必定有多方面考量,因?yàn)樗鼘⒂绊懻䴔?quán)的穩(wěn)固和國(guó)祚的長(zhǎng)短。平衡國(guó)內(nèi)兩大地域集團(tuán)以及皇權(quán)與地域集團(tuán)的勢(shì)力、鎮(zhèn)撫山越是促使當(dāng)政者定都建業(yè)的關(guān)鍵性因素,兩者分別揭示了都城背后的政治文化意義和民族融合背景。
[Abstract]:In 220 years, Cao Pi was the emperor of Han Dynasty. In 221, Liu Bei regarded himself as the successor of Han Dynasty. Sun Quan, after Cao Pi and Liu Bei became emperor, was faced with the political choice of obeying Wei and Shu. The internal instability of the regime and the crisis of the external situation forced Sun Quan to give up independence and become emperor. The legitimacy of the Han and Wei dynasties, as well as the relationship between Sun and Cao in the reign of Jian'an, prompted Sun Quan to call the Wei vassal, not to return to Shu. In 222, Sun Quan became the king of the Wei Dynasty and changed to Huang Wu in the Yuan Dynasty. It is the ultimate political conception to serve the establishment of imperial power. Cao abolished the 20th grade viscount and established the fifth rank viscount, which broke through the state system principle of "non-Liu 's not king" in Han Dynasty. It not only contributed to the transfer of power in Han and Wei dynasties, but also created the institutional possibility for Sun Quan to be regarded as a different surname, but could be said to be a vassal king. Sun Quan called the vassal to Wei, surrendering to Wei on the surface, is really the split trend caused by the "county country standard" in the late Han Dynasty. By using the kingdom system, he changed the relationship of "appointed Xia" and "teacher and friend" into a "monarch and minister" relationship, and established a system in the country. Completed from the end of the Han Dynasty Jiangdong separatist regime to the Kingdom regime transformation, make it legalized. To the Wei Dynasty, there is a layer of skillful use, changing from "sheihan to Wu" to "give up the Wei to return to Wu," which eliminates the worries of his subordinates, and shows us Sun Quan's efforts to fight for the orthodoxy of the political power. It perfectly interprets his political wisdom and courage as a politician. After seven years (222-229), Sun Quan was founded in the first year of Huanglong (229) and transformed from the King of Wu of the Kingdom of Wei to the Emperor of Wu before he was able to climb to the top of power. Sun's regime was upgraded from Wu Kingdom to Wu Dynasty. It is the result of the political division of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the product of the political unity of Jiangdong giving birth to the new imperial power. There are three contents in these seven years: first, the Huai Si Group and the Jiangdong Group gradually merged, and the Jiangdong Group became the ruling class of the regime. Second, eliminate the chaos of Shan-Yue and the Han people against the rule of Soon-Wu, and accelerate the Sinicization of Mountain and Yue. Third, Zhang Zhaomizi, a figure in Huai Si Group, was pushed out of the core of political and military affairs. The first two academic circles have reached a conclusion, the third point is the focus of the discussion. The legal system of Sun Wu is based on the three qualitative changes of Sun's Group. Yuan Shu, who broke with the unauthorized name of the emperor, was changed from an illegal organization outside the regime into a part of the existing Han regime, one of which was the Han Dynasty; the Han and Wei dynasties were called vassals to the Wei Dynasty and established the regime of the Kingdom of Wu. Second, Huanglong was the emperor in the first year and established the regime of the Wu Empire. This is the third. There are four kinds of means by which Sun Wu preaches the authority and legitimacy of imperial power, one is to use Fu Rui and Fu Ruignian, the other is to deny the legitimacy of Han and Wei dynasties, the third is to preach Sun Quan's military merit, and the fourth is to express the will of Heaven. In the first year of Huanglong (229), Sun Quan established himself as emperor and established his capital, which opened the history of building industry as a capital city, and then began to have imperial power factors. Before this, the Soong-Wu political center went through many changes. Jianye from the ordinary county-level cities, has risen to the riverside town, Danyang County, a capital of the country. The capital city is the political center of a regime. Sun Quan's final choice of capital and industry must have many considerations, because it will affect the stability of the regime and the length of the country. Balancing the influence of the two regional groups and the imperial power and regional group, the Zhenfu Mountain Yue is the key factor to promote the establishment of the capital. They reveal the political and cultural significance behind the capital city and the background of ethnic integration respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K236

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