西漢宣元之際政治轉變研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 14:09
【摘要】：西漢宣元之際是漢朝發(fā)展史上由盛而衰的轉折時期。宣帝時“功光祖宗，業(yè)垂后嗣，可謂中興�！钡珡脑坶_始，“孝宣之業(yè)衰焉”，西漢開始衰落。這種由盛而衰的轉折，是和漢家在這一時期從“霸王道雜之”到純儒政治的政治轉變密切相關的。本文以西漢宣元之際豪強和儒生的豪族化以及經學統(tǒng)治地位的確立為主線，來揭示豪族是導致這一政治轉變的決定性力量。 第一章，圍繞著對西漢中后期的經濟、政治和思想政策產生重大影響的鹽鐵會議展開論述。通過對武帝后期的社會危機、武帝時內政的實質、豪強在漢初及武帝時的曲折發(fā)展及其初步的豪族化及儒生在武帝時實際政治地位下降的討論，來說明鹽鐵會議的實質是：代表豪強利益的賢良文學向以桑弘羊為代表的用法興利派爭奪政治權力、經濟利益的斗爭。 第二章，論述在宣帝時期，隨著經濟實力的增強，豪強地主迅速通過選舉制度向政權靠攏，納入皇權體系之內。成為既有經濟實力，又有政治權力并通曉經學的豪族。另一方面，經學在宣帝朝日益受到統(tǒng)治階級的重視并滲透到政治生活的各個方面，更通過石渠閣經學會議，實現(xiàn)了經學與皇權結合，真正確立了經學在政治思想中的統(tǒng)治地位。隨著儒家思想在政治上的統(tǒng)治地位逐漸確立，儒生政治崛起，儒生日益豪族化。隨著豪強和儒生的豪族化，最終在宣帝后期打破了用法興利派與豪族共享國家的政治權力和經濟利益的局面，豪族獨居統(tǒng)治地位，為向純儒政治的轉變奠定了基礎。 第三章，論述宣元時期，隨著由豪強和儒生轉化而來的豪族日益官僚化、儒學化、世官化，豪族已構成漢代政權的基礎，成為政治上的支配力量。無論是經濟、政治和意識形態(tài)，都掌握在豪族手中。這不僅影響了宣元時期政權的構成，，也使豪族的思想——儒學成為社會和政策的指導思想，由此，元帝時期的政治開始向純儒政治轉變。豪族完全左右了王朝的內外政策，國家的政策體現(xiàn)了豪族的利益。 余論部分：利用美國著名經濟學家曼庫爾·奧爾森的利益集團理論解釋以豪族為代表的分利集團與宣元之際政治轉變和西漢興衰的關系。再次論證了豪族是決定宣元之際政治轉變的決定性力量，也是導致西漢衰落的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The period of Xuan Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty was a turning point from prosperity to decline in the history of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Xuandi, "Gong Guang ancestors, property down heirs, can be described as Zhongxing." But from the Yuan Emperor, "filial piety declaration of the cause of decline", the Western Han Dynasty began to decline. This transition from prosperity to decline is closely related to the political transformation of the Han family from overlord to pure Confucian politics in this period. This paper, based on the establishment of the dominant position of the Confucian and the powerful and the Confucian scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, reveals that the Haozu is the decisive force leading to this political transformation. The first chapter focuses on the salt and iron conference which had a great influence on the economy, politics and ideological policy in the middle and late Han Dynasty. Through the discussion of the social crisis in the later period of Emperor Wu, the essence of the internal affairs of Emperor Wu, the tortuous development of the great and strong in the beginning of Han Dynasty and the time of Wu Emperor, and the discussion of the initial nationalization and the decline of the actual political status of Confucianism in the time of Wu Emperor. To explain the essence of the Yantie Conference: the good literature representing the interests of the great and strong fought for political power and economic interests against the usages represented by Sang Hong-yang. The second chapter discusses that in the period of Xuandi, with the strengthening of economic strength, the powerful landlords quickly drew close to the regime through the electoral system and brought it into the imperial power system. Become both economic strength, political power and knowledge of the great clan. On the other hand, the Confucian classics was paid more and more attention by the ruling class in the Xuandi Dynasty and infiltrated into all aspects of political life. Through the Scholastic meeting of the Shiqu Pavilion, the combination of the Confucian classics and the imperial power was realized, and the dominant position of the Confucian classics in the political thought was really established. With the gradual establishment of Confucian ideology in political dominance, the rise of Confucian politics, Confucianism has become more and more aristocratic. With the popularity of the powerful and the Confucian, it broke the situation that the political power and economic interests of the country were shared between the usages of the Prosperity and the Haozi in the late period of Xuandi. The Haozi lived alone in the dominant position, which laid the foundation for the transformation to the pure Confucian politics. The third chapter discusses the Xuanyuan period, with the transformation from the powerful and the Confucian to the increasingly bureaucratic, Confucianism, the world official, the power of the Han Dynasty has formed the basis of the political dominance. Economic, political and ideological, it is in the hands of the aristocrats. This not only influenced the constitution of the regime in Xuan and Yuan dynasties, but also made Confucianism the guiding ideology of society and policy. Therefore, the politics of Yuan Dynasty began to change to pure Confucian politics. The grand people completely controlled the internal and external policies of the dynasty, and the national policies embodied the interests of the great people. The last part: using the interest group theory of Manqour Olson, a famous American economist, to explain the relationship between the distribution of interest group represented by the hau clan and the political change of Xuan Yuan period and the rise and fall of the Western Han Dynasty. Once again, it is demonstrated that the Haozu is the decisive force of the political transformation in the period of Xuanyuan Yuan, and the main cause of the decline of the Western Han Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K234.1
本文編號：2174320
[Abstract]:The period of Xuan Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty was a turning point from prosperity to decline in the history of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Xuandi, "Gong Guang ancestors, property down heirs, can be described as Zhongxing." But from the Yuan Emperor, "filial piety declaration of the cause of decline", the Western Han Dynasty began to decline. This transition from prosperity to decline is closely related to the political transformation of the Han family from overlord to pure Confucian politics in this period. This paper, based on the establishment of the dominant position of the Confucian and the powerful and the Confucian scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, reveals that the Haozu is the decisive force leading to this political transformation. The first chapter focuses on the salt and iron conference which had a great influence on the economy, politics and ideological policy in the middle and late Han Dynasty. Through the discussion of the social crisis in the later period of Emperor Wu, the essence of the internal affairs of Emperor Wu, the tortuous development of the great and strong in the beginning of Han Dynasty and the time of Wu Emperor, and the discussion of the initial nationalization and the decline of the actual political status of Confucianism in the time of Wu Emperor. To explain the essence of the Yantie Conference: the good literature representing the interests of the great and strong fought for political power and economic interests against the usages represented by Sang Hong-yang. The second chapter discusses that in the period of Xuandi, with the strengthening of economic strength, the powerful landlords quickly drew close to the regime through the electoral system and brought it into the imperial power system. Become both economic strength, political power and knowledge of the great clan. On the other hand, the Confucian classics was paid more and more attention by the ruling class in the Xuandi Dynasty and infiltrated into all aspects of political life. Through the Scholastic meeting of the Shiqu Pavilion, the combination of the Confucian classics and the imperial power was realized, and the dominant position of the Confucian classics in the political thought was really established. With the gradual establishment of Confucian ideology in political dominance, the rise of Confucian politics, Confucianism has become more and more aristocratic. With the popularity of the powerful and the Confucian, it broke the situation that the political power and economic interests of the country were shared between the usages of the Prosperity and the Haozi in the late period of Xuandi. The Haozi lived alone in the dominant position, which laid the foundation for the transformation to the pure Confucian politics. The third chapter discusses the Xuanyuan period, with the transformation from the powerful and the Confucian to the increasingly bureaucratic, Confucianism, the world official, the power of the Han Dynasty has formed the basis of the political dominance. Economic, political and ideological, it is in the hands of the aristocrats. This not only influenced the constitution of the regime in Xuan and Yuan dynasties, but also made Confucianism the guiding ideology of society and policy. Therefore, the politics of Yuan Dynasty began to change to pure Confucian politics. The grand people completely controlled the internal and external policies of the dynasty, and the national policies embodied the interests of the great people. The last part: using the interest group theory of Manqour Olson, a famous American economist, to explain the relationship between the distribution of interest group represented by the hau clan and the political change of Xuan Yuan period and the rise and fall of the Western Han Dynasty. Once again, it is demonstrated that the Haozu is the decisive force of the political transformation in the period of Xuanyuan Yuan, and the main cause of the decline of the Western Han Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K234.1
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