唐代自然災害救濟中遣使問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-22 14:20
【摘要】：唐代在我國歷史發(fā)展中,政治、經(jīng)濟、文化都上升到了一個新層次。隨著承災體規(guī)模的持續(xù)擴大,自然災害的破壞作用也就愈加明顯,而與之相對應的是人們與自然災害不屈不撓的斗爭,其中最富有特色,也是貫穿唐代大部分時間內(nèi)的救災方式是中央遣使救災,為全面瞰視唐代自然災害中遣使救災狀況,本文擬從如下幾方面著手進行研究:第一章,背景研究,主要包括唐代自然災害概況及使職差遣問題。本章中,將采用數(shù)據(jù)分析的方式,將主要災害及災害中遣使的發(fā)生頻率、地點及時間等問題進行統(tǒng)計性描述;在災害特點方面主要分析相關文獻記載上的特點、災害發(fā)生區(qū)域特點等問題;使職差遣則做概括性論述,以便為災害遣使框定一個政治背景。第二章,遣使標準、范圍和流程。遣使是唐代,甚至整個古代社會都在運用的普遍措施,從郎官班子、御史班子等主要官員群體中選擇使臣是普遍的派遣范圍,其中又有前期派遣近臣,后期重官職的雙重標準。派遣使臣主要的目的就是經(jīng)濟恢復和保持政治穩(wěn)定。由皇帝直接派遣和中央權力機構派遣是兩種最為直觀的派遣方式。第三章,重點討論災害中使臣職責問題。朝廷使臣的主要任務可以概括為兩部分:到災區(qū)執(zhí)行中央朝廷的決定和協(xié)助地方官員處理善后事宜,具體的來說,主要有傳達皇帝存恤旨意、檢覆地方救災情況、賑貸災區(qū)、蠲免財稅、察訪吏治及審理訟獄等,以上囊括了救災使臣的主要工作,但是為了能及時處理突發(fā)情況,朝廷又賦予了使臣便宜行事的特權,讓使臣可以隨時自主地處理當?shù)匾馔馇闆r。第四章,遣使救災的爭議和評價問題。唐代的遣使救災措施從初衷上來說,兼具了救災的合法性和靈活性,具有十分明顯的優(yōu)勢,而且通過史料記載來看,政治清明的時候,遣使救災措施確實也起到了存民安家的作用,但是就亂世來說,效果并不明顯。還應當注意的是僅就遣使方面,使臣本身也有其主觀性,受政治背景影響,不作為問題等也就產(chǎn)生了,這些都對救災效果產(chǎn)生了消極影響。雖然唐代自然災害隨著經(jīng)濟規(guī)模的延伸已經(jīng)造成了巨大的破壞,且常與戰(zhàn)爭、貪腐等人為因素重疊,朝廷所做出的遣使等措施,往往也有其局限性,但遣使救災作為一種災時政治手段,卻在我國歷史上具有十分重要的地位。
[Abstract]:In the history of our country, politics, economy and culture rose to a new level in Tang Dynasty. As the scale of disaster bearing body continues to expand, the destructive effect of natural disaster becomes more and more obvious, and corresponding to it is the indomitable struggle of people against natural disasters, the most characteristic of which is that, It is also the mode of disaster relief that runs through most of the Tang Dynasty. In order to take a comprehensive view of the relief situation of the natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, this paper intends to carry out the research from the following aspects: chapter one, background study, Mainly includes the Tang Dynasty natural disaster general situation and the duty dispatch question. In this chapter, we will use the method of data analysis to describe the frequency, location and time of major disasters and disasters, and to analyze the characteristics of relevant documents in disaster characteristics. In order to frame a political background, the regional characteristics of disasters are discussed in a general way. The second chapter is about the standard, scope and process. Emissary is a general measure in Tang Dynasty, even in the whole ancient society. It is a universal dispatch range to select envoys from the main official groups such as Lang official group, imperial history group and so on, among which there is a double standard of sending officials in the early stage and paying more attention to the official post in the later period. The main purpose of sending envoys is to restore the economy and maintain political stability. The direct dispatch of the emperor and the dispatch of the central authority are the two most intuitionistic dispatching methods. The third chapter focuses on the role of envoys in disasters. The main tasks of the court envoys can be summed up in two parts: to carry out the central court's decision in the disaster area and to assist local officials in handling the aftermath. Specifically, the main tasks are to convey the emperor's plan for saving compassionate care, to review the local disaster relief situation, and to provide relief to the affected areas. The above includes the main work of relief envoys, but in order to deal with emergencies in a timely manner, the court has given envoys the privilege to act cheaply. Allow envoys to handle local contingencies at any time. Chapter IV, the dispute and evaluation of disaster relief. The Tang Dynasty sent disaster relief measures from the original intention, both the legitimacy and flexibility of disaster relief, has a very obvious advantage, and through historical records, when the political clarity, Disaster relief measures do play a role in the settlement of the people, but in times of chaos, the effect is not obvious. It should also be noted that in terms of dispatch only, the envoys themselves have their own subjectivity, influenced by the political background, and the problem of inaction, all of which have a negative impact on the disaster relief effect. Although natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, along with the extension of the economic scale, had caused enormous damage, and often overlapped with human factors such as war, corruption, and so on, measures such as emissaries made by the court often had their limitations. However, as a political means of disaster relief, disaster relief has a very important position in the history of our country.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K242
[Abstract]:In the history of our country, politics, economy and culture rose to a new level in Tang Dynasty. As the scale of disaster bearing body continues to expand, the destructive effect of natural disaster becomes more and more obvious, and corresponding to it is the indomitable struggle of people against natural disasters, the most characteristic of which is that, It is also the mode of disaster relief that runs through most of the Tang Dynasty. In order to take a comprehensive view of the relief situation of the natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, this paper intends to carry out the research from the following aspects: chapter one, background study, Mainly includes the Tang Dynasty natural disaster general situation and the duty dispatch question. In this chapter, we will use the method of data analysis to describe the frequency, location and time of major disasters and disasters, and to analyze the characteristics of relevant documents in disaster characteristics. In order to frame a political background, the regional characteristics of disasters are discussed in a general way. The second chapter is about the standard, scope and process. Emissary is a general measure in Tang Dynasty, even in the whole ancient society. It is a universal dispatch range to select envoys from the main official groups such as Lang official group, imperial history group and so on, among which there is a double standard of sending officials in the early stage and paying more attention to the official post in the later period. The main purpose of sending envoys is to restore the economy and maintain political stability. The direct dispatch of the emperor and the dispatch of the central authority are the two most intuitionistic dispatching methods. The third chapter focuses on the role of envoys in disasters. The main tasks of the court envoys can be summed up in two parts: to carry out the central court's decision in the disaster area and to assist local officials in handling the aftermath. Specifically, the main tasks are to convey the emperor's plan for saving compassionate care, to review the local disaster relief situation, and to provide relief to the affected areas. The above includes the main work of relief envoys, but in order to deal with emergencies in a timely manner, the court has given envoys the privilege to act cheaply. Allow envoys to handle local contingencies at any time. Chapter IV, the dispute and evaluation of disaster relief. The Tang Dynasty sent disaster relief measures from the original intention, both the legitimacy and flexibility of disaster relief, has a very obvious advantage, and through historical records, when the political clarity, Disaster relief measures do play a role in the settlement of the people, but in times of chaos, the effect is not obvious. It should also be noted that in terms of dispatch only, the envoys themselves have their own subjectivity, influenced by the political background, and the problem of inaction, all of which have a negative impact on the disaster relief effect. Although natural disasters in the Tang Dynasty, along with the extension of the economic scale, had caused enormous damage, and often overlapped with human factors such as war, corruption, and so on, measures such as emissaries made by the court often had their limitations. However, as a political means of disaster relief, disaster relief has a very important position in the history of our country.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K242
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前10條
1 賴瑞和;;論唐代中書舍人的使職化[J];清華大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2015年02期
2 岕瑞和;;唐代宰相的使，
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