本文選題：唐代 + 兒童��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在唐代政治穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)一片祥和的形勢(shì)之下,兒童受到人們較多關(guān)注。兒童的相關(guān)問題是一個(gè)歷史性話題,先秦以來對(duì)兒童教育、健康、法律地位等問題的關(guān)注在唐代得到更加充分的發(fā)展。 通過對(duì)喪服的規(guī)定、唐代法律行為、國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)行為、行冠、笄禮時(shí)間以及唐代男女婚齡的考察,本文以16歲左右為唐代兒童年齡上限。 秦漢以來的醫(yī)書已關(guān)注到兒童身體,至唐代,在兒童養(yǎng)育方面人們積累了豐富的醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)和養(yǎng)生宜忌。文章從唐代以及唐以前醫(yī)學(xué)書籍著手,論述唐代兒童養(yǎng)育問題,緊扣醫(yī)療知識(shí)和技術(shù)在兒童養(yǎng)育的運(yùn)用,詳細(xì)介紹醫(yī)學(xué)中對(duì)兒童養(yǎng)育各個(gè)方面的指導(dǎo),其中包括孕婦禁忌、斷臍、新生兒護(hù)理、選擇乳母、幼兒命名等等內(nèi)容。針對(duì)前代溺殺嬰兒導(dǎo)致兒童夭折的現(xiàn)象,結(jié)合詩(shī)文、墓志銘等材料,指出唐代并不存在明顯因禁忌等其它原因而溺殺兒童的現(xiàn)象,唐代兒童似多為自然死亡。 歷朝歷代對(duì)于兒童的刑事責(zé)任能力劃分不同：秦律以身高為確定行為人刑事責(zé)任的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不滿6尺者不追究法律責(zé)任；漢朝兒童被追究刑事責(zé)任大體以八歲為起點(diǎn)；至唐代劃分雖然較為詳細(xì),但下限仍在七歲以上。唐律對(duì)兒童地位保障主要體現(xiàn)在延遲處罰孕婦、兒童緣坐、兒童的收養(yǎng)與過繼三方面。唐律有關(guān)兒童被教唆犯罪、拐賣兒童現(xiàn)象、非婚生子女的財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承問題以及卑幼嫁娶等事例的相關(guān)規(guī)定一定程度上保障了兒童的合法權(quán)益�？紤]到唐代作為封建王朝的特性,這種保護(hù)仍是一種有限度的保障,其前提是維護(hù)尊卑長(zhǎng)幼和社會(huì)等級(jí),并不是絕對(duì)平等、充分考慮到兒童權(quán)益的法律。 宮廷兒童可分為皇室兒童和下層兒童。他們?cè)谏�、撫養(yǎng)、教育、游戲方面有同有異�；适易訉O顯赫的身份從出生開始就已突顯,吃、穿、用、行無不彰顯其尊貴的地位；不同等級(jí)的兒童為其不同的目的,接受相應(yīng)的教育�；适易訉O為人中龍鳳,詩(shī)、書、禮、樂樣樣精通；下層幼奴刻苦學(xué)習(xí),他們掌握各項(xiàng)技能僅僅是取悅主上的手段。宮廷中的兒童游戲,以卑賤兒童表演、尊貴兒童欣賞為主要特點(diǎn)。上層貴族兒童與下層兒童之間的差異是社會(huì)等級(jí)造成的,社會(huì)等級(jí)劃分給兒童造成了不可忽視的影響。 總而言之,唐代兒童這一特殊群體的發(fā)展變化,同唐社會(huì)發(fā)展變化緊密相關(guān)。兒童的各方面健康成長(zhǎng),是由其社會(huì)活動(dòng)的穩(wěn)定性決定的。大量醫(yī)學(xué)書籍收錄、記載治療兒科的醫(yī)方正說明了唐代兒童的發(fā)育成長(zhǎng)日益引起社會(huì)重視；政府性的法律、法規(guī)更詳細(xì)規(guī)定了兒童權(quán)益的相關(guān)問題,雖然這一權(quán)益是建立在保障尊長(zhǎng)核心地位和社會(huì)等級(jí)秩序基礎(chǔ)之上的,但也足以使我們看到唐代較前朝的進(jìn)步之處。唐代對(duì)于兒童的知識(shí)、觀念和法令奠定了此后兒童發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the Tang Dynasty, political stability, economic prosperity, domestic situation a peaceful situation, children received more attention. Children's related issues are a historical topic. Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, the attention to children's education, health, legal status and other issues has been more fully developed in the Tang Dynasty. Based on the regulations of funeral dress, legal behavior of Tang Dynasty, national economic behavior, crown, hairpin ceremony time and marriage age of men and women in Tang Dynasty, the age limit of children in Tang Dynasty is about 16 years old. Since Qin and Han dynasties, medical books have paid attention to children's bodies. In Tang Dynasty, people accumulated rich medical knowledge and health care. Starting from the medical books of the Tang Dynasty and before the Tang Dynasty, this paper discusses the problem of the raising of children in the Tang Dynasty, the application of medical knowledge and technology in the raising of children, and introduces in detail the guidance to all aspects of the raising of children in medicine, including the taboo of pregnant women. Umbilical cut, newborn care, selection of nursing mother, infant naming and so on. In view of the phenomenon of infanticide and infanticide in the previous generation, combined with materials such as poetry and epitaph, it was pointed out that there was no obvious phenomenon of drowning and killing children in Tang Dynasty because of taboos and other reasons, and that children in Tang Dynasty were mostly natural deaths. The classification of children's criminal responsibility ability in different dynasties is different: Qin Law regards height as the standard to determine the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator, those who are less than 6 feet are not investigated for legal responsibility, the Han Dynasty children are investigated for criminal responsibility generally taking the age of eight as the starting point; Tang Dynasty division although more detailed, but the lower limit is still over seven years old. Tang Law's protection of children's status is mainly reflected in three aspects: delayed punishment of pregnant women, children's seat, adoption and adoption of children. The relevant provisions of Tang Law about children abetting crime, abducting and selling children, the inheritance of children born out of wedlock and the marriage of children to a certain extent have protected the legitimate rights and interests of children. Considering the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty as a feudal dynasty, this kind of protection is still a limited guarantee, and its premise is to maintain the superiority of the children and the social class, not absolute equality, and fully consider the law of children's rights and interests. Court children can be divided into royal children and underclass children. They have similarities and differences in fertility, upbringing, education, and games. The noble status of royal children has been highlighted from the beginning of their birth, eating, dressing, using, and all showing their noble status; different grades of children for their different purposes, receive the corresponding education. The royal descendants are proficient in everything from dragon and Phoenix, poetry, books, rites, and music; the lower slaves study hard, and their mastery of skills is merely a means of pleasing the master. The children's games in the court are mainly characterized by the performance of humble children and the appreciation of noble children. The difference between the upper aristocratic children and the lower class children is caused by the social class, which can not be ignored. In a word, the development and change of the special group of children in Tang Dynasty are closely related to the social development of Tang Dynasty. The healthy growth of children in all aspects is determined by the stability of their social activities. A large number of medical books have been collected, documenting that doctors who treat pediatrics are showing that the development and growth of children in the Tang Dynasty has attracted increasing attention from society; government laws and regulations have more detailed provisions on issues related to the rights and interests of children. Although this right is established on the basis of safeguarding the core position of elders and the order of social hierarchy, it is also sufficient to enable us to see the progress of the Tang Dynasty in comparison with the previous dynasties. The knowledge, ideas and decrees of children in the Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the subsequent development of children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K242

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本文編號(hào)：2095533