本文選題：劍南西川 + 節(jié)度使　； 參考：《北京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：西川是唐代統(tǒng)治的腹心地區(qū)，又是經(jīng)略西南邊境的前沿，其治亂形勢直接關(guān)系到唐朝的興亡。本文以政治地理的視角，選取三個主題對唐代劍南西川節(jié)度使進(jìn)行研究： （一）地方政區(qū)的變革 對于唐代后期的節(jié)度使、州、縣三級行政區(qū)劃，學(xué)界早已達(dá)成共識，但對于唐代前期地方行政區(qū)劃的結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)變的過程尚存爭論。那么劍南西川是如何從益州都督府轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉芥?zhèn)的呢？都督府是否與州同級呢？史料表明，唐代都督府的情況較為復(fù)雜，有一類都府與州的地位相似，而益州都督的地位較為特殊，它在唐初尚統(tǒng)轄數(shù)州軍事，后來這一職能逐漸減弱。但是，在玄宗初期，益州都督府就已開始監(jiān)察劍南道的州，此后又逐漸掌握了一道的軍事、行政、財政等權(quán)力，，成為州以上的新一級政區(qū)。 （二）中央與地方的關(guān)系 唐代中后期的中央與方鎮(zhèn)的關(guān)系一直是學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)，西川方鎮(zhèn)同時兼具御邊、財源和防遏等職能。在地方與中央的關(guān)系中，西川方鎮(zhèn)先后經(jīng)歷了叛亂、拒命、順從、割據(jù)等形態(tài)，因此集中反映了唐代多數(shù)方鎮(zhèn)的情況。研究表明，唐朝起初采取了分割劃小轄區(qū)的辦法來加強(qiáng)對西川方鎮(zhèn)的控制，但是這種辦法不僅收效甚微，甚至引起了方鎮(zhèn)之間的沖突，最后造成嚴(yán)重的地方危機(jī)。從憲宗起，逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變了應(yīng)對方鎮(zhèn)的策略，通過任命文官擔(dān)任節(jié)度使等措施，加強(qiáng)了中央對西川的控制。但是，僖宗時期的黃巢之亂打破了中央與方鎮(zhèn)的平衡格局，中央勢力迅速衰落并退出西川，地方軍閥成為西川的主導(dǎo)力量，形成方鎮(zhèn)割據(jù)的局面。 （三）邊疆經(jīng)略 在唐與吐蕃、南詔的關(guān)系中，西川一直扮演著重要角色。事實(shí)證明，節(jié)度使的作為對于西川的邊疆經(jīng)略有巨大的影響。德宗時期的韋皋、懿宗時期的李師望與僖宗時期的高駢代表了不同歷史背景下邊疆經(jīng)略的成就與失敗。靈活的外交手段和強(qiáng)大的軍事力量才能維護(hù)國家對邊疆地區(qū)的有效統(tǒng)治。
[Abstract]:Xichuan is the central region ruled by Tang Dynasty and the frontier along the southwestern border. It is directly related to the rise and fall of Tang Dynasty. This paper, from the perspective of political geography, selects three themes to study the Jiannan Xichuan Keystone in Tang Dynasty: (1) the changes of local administrative districts in the late Tang Dynasty are divided into three administrative divisions, namely, regional, state and county administrative divisions. Scholars have already reached a consensus, but the early Tang Dynasty about the structure of local administrative divisions and the process of transformation are still controversial. So how did Xichuan change from the government house of Yizhou to the town of Fang? Is the Government House at the same level as the state? The historical data show that the situation of the government houses in Tang Dynasty is more complex, and one kind of capital prefectures have similar status with the states, while the position of the governor of the capital of Yizhou is relatively special, it still governs the military affairs of several states in the early Tang Dynasty, but this function gradually weakens later. However, at the beginning of Xuanzong, the government house of Yizhou began to monitor the state of Jiannan Dao, and then gradually mastered a military, administrative, financial and other powers, and became a new administrative district above the state level. (2) the relationship between the central government and the local government in the middle and late Tang Dynasty has always been a hot research topic in academic circles. Xichuan Fangzhen has the functions of imperial border control, financial resources and prevention of repression at the same time. In the relationship between the local government and the central government, Xichuan Fangzhen experienced the forms of rebellion, denial of life, obedience, separation, and so on, which reflected the situation of most of the towns in Tang Dynasty. The study shows that the Tang Dynasty initially adopted the method of dividing the small areas to strengthen the control of Xichuan Fangzhen, but this method not only had little effect, but even caused the conflict between the towns and fangs, resulting in a serious local crisis. From the time of the constitution, the strategy of responding to the other town was gradually changed, and the central government strengthened the control of Xichuan by appointing civil servants as conservationists. However, the disorder of Huang Chao in Xi Zong period broke the balance between the central government and the town, the central power declined rapidly and withdrew from Xichuan, and the local warlords became the leading force of Xichuan, forming the situation of the separation of Fang town. (3) Xichuan played an important role in the relationship between Tang Dynasty and Tibetan and Nanzhao. It turns out that sectionality has a slight impact on the Xichuan Border Classic. Wei Gao in Dezong period, Li Shiwang in Yi Zong period and Gao Pian in Xi Zong period represent the achievements and failures of border classics in different historical backgrounds. Flexible diplomatic means and powerful military force can maintain the effective rule of the country over the border area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K242

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